Penguin
Recent Changes
Annotated edit history of MAKEDEV(8) version 1, including all changes. View license author blame.
Rev Author # Line
1 perry 1 MAKEDEV
2 !!!MAKEDEV
3 NAME
4 SYNOPSIS
5 DESCRIPTION
6 OPTIONS
7 CUSTOMISATION
8 DEVICES
9 SEE ALSO
10 AUTHOR
11 ----
12 !!NAME
13
14
15 MAKEDEV - create devices
16 !!SYNOPSIS
17
18
19 __cd dev; ./MAKEDEV -V
20 cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [[ -n ] [[ -v ] update
21 cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [[ -n ] [[ -v ] [[ -d ]__ ''device
22 ...''
23 !!DESCRIPTION
24
25
26 __MAKEDEV__ is a script that will create the devices in
27 /dev used to interface with drivers in the
28 kernel.
29
30
31 This man page is woefully out of date. A large number of
32 devices are supported that are not documented
33 here.
34
35
36 Note that programs giving the error ``ENOENT: No such file
37 or directory'' normally means that the device file is
38 missing, whereas ``ENODEV: No such device'' normally means
39 the kernel does not have the driver configured or
40 loaded.
41 !!OPTIONS
42
43
44 __-V__
45
46
47 Print out version (actually RCS version information) and
48 exit.
49
50
51 __-n__
52
53
54 Do not actually update the devices, just print the actions
55 that would be performed.
56
57
58 __-d__
59
60
61 Delete the devices. The main use for this flag is by
62 __MAKEDEV__ itself.
63
64
65 __-v__
66
67
68 Be verbose. Print out the actions as they are performed.
69 This is the same output as produced by
70 __-n__.
71 !!CUSTOMISATION
72
73
74 Since there is currently no standardisation in what names
75 are used for system users and groups, it is possible that
76 you may need to modify __MAKEDEV__ to reflect your site's
77 settings. Near the top of the file is a mapping from device
78 type to user, group and permissions (e.g. all CD-ROM devices
79 are set from the $cdrom variable). If you wish to
80 change the defaults, this is the section to
81 edit.
82 !!DEVICES
83
84
85 __General Options__
86
87
88 __update__
89
90
91 This only works on kernels which have
92 /proc/interrupts (introduced during 1.1.x). This
93 file is scanned to see what devices are currently configured
94 into the kernel, and this is compared with the previous
95 settings stored in the file called DEVICES. Devices
96 which are new since then or have a different major number
97 are created, and those which are no longer configured are
98 deleted.
99
100
101 __generic__
102
103
104 Create a generic subset of devices. This is the standard
105 devices, plus floppy drives, various hard drives,
106 pseudo-terminals, console devices, basic serial devices,
107 busmice, and printer ports.
108
109
110 __std__
111
112
113 Standard devices. These are: __mem__ - acess to physical
114 memory; __kmem__ - access to kernel virtual memory;
115 __null__ - null device (infinite sink); __port__ -
116 access to I/O ports; __zero__ - null byte source
117 (infinite source); __core__ - symlink to /proc/kcore (for
118 kernel debugging); __full__ - always returns ENOSPACE on
119 write; __ram__ - ramdisk; __tty__ - to access the
120 controlling tty of a process.
121
122
123 __local__
124
125
126 This simply runs __MAKEDEV.local__. This is a script that
127 can create any local devices.
128
129
130 __Virtual Terminals__
131
132
133 ''console''
134
135
136 This creates the devices associated with the console. This
137 is the virtual terminals tty''x'', where ''x'' can be
138 from 0 though 63. The device tty0 is the currently active
139 vt, and is also known as console. For each vt,
140 there are two devices vcs''x'' and vcsa''x'', which
141 are used to generate screen-dumps of the vt (the
142 __vcs__''x'' is just the text, and __vcsa__''x''
143 includes the attributes).
144
145
146 __Serial Devices__
147
148
149 ''ttyS{0..63}''
150
151
152 Serial ports and corresponding dialout device. For device
153 __ttyS__''x''__,__ there is also the device
154 __cua__''x'' which is used to dial out with. This can
155 avoid the need for cooperative locks in simple
156 situations.
157
158
159 ''cyclades''
160
161
162 Dial-in and dial-out devices for the cyclades intelligent
163 I/O serial card. The dial in device is __ttyC__''x''
164 and the corresponding dial-out device is __cub__''x''
165 Devices for 32 lines are created.
166
167
168 __Pseudo Terminals__
169
170
171 ''pty[[p-s]''
172
173
174 Each possible argument will create a bank of 16 master and
175 slave pairs. The current kernel (1.2) is limited to 64 such
176 pairs. The master pseudo-terminals are
177 __pty[[p-s][[0-9a-f]__, and the slaves are
178 __tty[[p-s][[0-9a-f]__.
179
180
181 __Parallel Ports__
182
183
184 ''lp''
185
186
187 Standard parallel ports. The devices are created __lp0__,
188 __lp1__, and __lp2__. These correspond to ports at
189 0x3bc, 0x378 and 0x278. Hence, on some machines, the first
190 printer port may actually be __lp1__.
191
192
193 ''par''
194
195
196 Alternative to ''lp''. Ports are named __par__''x''
197 instead of __lp__''x''__.__
198
199
200 __Bus Mice__
201
202
203 ''busmice''
204
205
206 The various bus mice devices. This creates the following
207 devices: __logimouse__ (Logitech bus mouse),
208 __psmouse__ (PS/2-style mouse), __msmouse__ (Microsoft
209 Inport bus mouse) and __atimouse__ (ATI XL bus mouse) and
210 __jmouse__ (J-mouse).
211
212
213 __Joystick Devices__
214
215
216 ''js''
217
218
219 Joystick. Creates __js0__ and __js1__.
220
221
222 __Disk Devices__
223
224
225 ''fd[[0-7]''
226
227
228 Floppy disk devices. The device __fd__''x'' is the
229 device which autodetects the format, and the additional
230 devices are fixed format (whose size is indicated in the
231 name). The other devices are named as
232 __fd__''xLn''__.__ The single letter ''L''
233 identifies the type of floppy disk (d = 5.25
234 ''n'' represents the capacity
235 of that format in K. Thus the standard formats are
236 __fd__''x''__d360__'',''
237 __fd__''x''__h1200__'',''
238 __fd__''x''__D720__'',''
239 __fd__''x''__H1440__'','' and
240 fd''x''E2880''.''
241
242
243 For more information see Alain Knaff's fdutils
244 package.
245
246
247 Devices __fd0__''*'' through __fd3__''*'' are
248 floppy disks on the first controller, and devices
249 __fd4__''*'' through __fd7__''*'' are floppy
250 disks on the second controller.
251
252
253 ''hd[[a-d]''
254
255
256 AT hard disks. The device __hd__''x'' provides access
257 to the whole disk, with the partitions being
258 __hd__''x''__[[0-20].__ The four primary partitions
259 are __hd__''x''__1__ through
260 __hd__''x''__4,__ with the logical partitions being
261 numbered from __hd__''x''__5__ though
262 __hd__''x''__20.__ (A primary partition can be made
263 into an extended partition, which can hold 4 logical
264 partitions). By default, only the devices for 4 logical
265 partitions are made. The others can be made by uncommenting
266 them.
267
268
269 Drives hda and hdb are the two on the first controller. If
270 using the new IDE driver (rather than the old HD driver),
271 then hdc and hdd are the two drives on the secondary
272 controller. These devices can also be used to acess IDE
273 CDROMs if using the new IDE driver.
274
275
276 ''xd[[a-d]''
277
278
279 XT hard disks. Partitions are the same as IDE
280 disks.
281
282
283 ''sd[[a-h]''
284
285
286 SCSI hard disks. The partitions are similar to the IDE
287 disks, but there is a limit of 11 logical partitions
288 (sd''x''5 through sd''x''15). This is to allow there
289 to be 8 SCSI disks.
290
291
292 ''loop''
293
294
295 Loopback disk devices. These allow you to use a regular file
296 as a block device. This means that images of filesystems can
297 be mounted, and used as normal. This creates 8 devices loop0
298 through loop7.
299
300
301 __Tape Devices__
302
303
304 ''st[[0-7]''
305
306
307 SCSI tapes. This creates the rewinding tape device
308 __st__''x'' and the non-rewinding tape device
309 __nst__''x''__.__
310
311
312 ''qic''
313
314
315 QIC-80 tapes. The devices created are __rmt8__,
316 __rmt16__, __tape-d__, and
317 __tape-reset__.
318
319
320 ''ftape''
321
322
323 Floppy driver tapes (QIC-117). There are 4 methods of access
324 depending on the floppy tape drive. For each of access
325 methods 0, 1, 2 and 3, the devices __rft__''x''
326 (rewinding) and __nrft__''x'' (non-rewinding) are
327 created. For compatability, devices __ftape__ and
328 __nftape__ are symlinks to __rft0__ and __nrft0__
329 respectively.
330
331
332 __CDROM Devices__
333
334
335 ''scd[[0-7]''
336
337
338 SCSI CD players.
339
340
341 ''sonycd''
342
343
344 Sony CDU-31A CD player.
345
346
347 ''mcd''
348
349
350 Mitsumi CD player.
351
352
353 ''cdu535''
354
355
356 Sony CDU-535 CD player.
357
358
359 ''lmscd''
360
361
362 LMS/Philips CD player.
363
364
365 ''sbpcd{,1,2,3}''
366
367
368 Sound Blaster CD player. The kernel is capable of supporting
369 16 CDROMs, each of which is accessed as
370 __sbpcd[[0-9a-f]__. These are assigned in groups of 4 to
371 each controller. __sbpcd__ is a symlink to
372 __sbpcd0__.
373
374
375 __Scanner__
376
377
378 ''logiscan''
379
380
381 Logitech ScanMan32
382
383
384 ''m105scan''
385
386
387 Mustek M105 Handscanner.
388
389
390 ''ac4096''
391
392
393 A4Tek Color Handscanner.
394
395
396 __Audio__
397
398
399 ''audio''
400
401
402 This creates the audio devices used by the sound driver.
403 These include __mixer__, __sequencer__, __dsp__,
404 and __audio__.
405
406
407 ''pcaudio''
408
409
410 Devices for the PC Speaker sound driver. These are
411 __pcmixer__. __pxsp__, and
412 __pcaudio__.
413
414
415 __Miscellaneous__
416
417
418 ''sg''
419
420
421 Generic SCSI devices. The devices created are __sg0 through
422 sg7__. These allow arbitary commands to be sent to any
423 SCSI device. This allows for querying information about the
424 device, or controlling SCSI devices that are not one of
425 disk, tape or CDROM (e.g. scanner, writeable
426 CDROM).
427
428
429 ''fd''
430
431
432 To allow an arbitary program to be fed input from file
433 descriptor ''x'', use __/dev/fd/__''x'' as the file
434 name. This also creates BR /dev/stdin , BR /dev/stdout , and
435 BR /dev/stderr . (Note, these are just symlinks into
436 /proc/self/fd).
437
438
439 ''ibcs2''
440
441
442 Devices (and symlinks) needed by the IBCS2
443 emulation.
444
445
446 ''apm''
447
448
449 Devices for power management.
450
451
452 ''dcf''
453
454
455 Driver for DCF-77 radio clock.
456
457
458 ''helloworld''
459
460
461 Kernel modules demonstration device. See the modules
462 source.
463
464
465 __Network Devices__
466
467
468 Linux used to have devices in /dev for controlling network
469 devices, but that is no longer the case. To see what network
470 devices are known by the kernel, look at
471 /proc/net/dev.
472 !!SEE ALSO
473
474
475 Linux Allocated Devices, maintained by H. Peter Anvin,
476 !!AUTHOR
477
478
479 Nick Holloway,
480 ----
This page is a man page (or other imported legacy content). We are unable to automatically determine the license status of this page.