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!ImageMagick !!!!ImageMagick NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS FILES AND FORMATS ENVIRONMENT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AUTHORS ---- !!NAME !ImageMagick - commandline utilities to create, edit, or convert images !!SYNOPSIS __animate [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file'' __[[ [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file ...'' __]__ __composite [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''image composite'' __[[__ ''mask'' __]__ ''composited'' __conjure [[__ ''options'' __]__ ''script.msl'' __[[ [[__ ''options'' __]__ ''script.msl'' __]__ __convert [[ [[__ ''options ...'' __] [[__ ''input_file ...'' __]__ ''...'' __[[__ ''output_file'' __] ]__ __display [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file ...'' __[[ [[__''options ...'' __]__''file ...'' __]__ __identify__ ''file'' __[[__ ''file ...'' __]__ __import [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file'' __mogrify [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file ...'' __montage [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file'' __[[ [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file ...'' __]__ ''output_file'' !!DESCRIPTION __!ImageMagick__ provides a suite of commandline utilities for creating, converting, editing, and displaying images: __Display__ is a machine architecture independent image processing and display program. It can display an image on any workstation display running an ''X'' server. __Import__ reads an image from any visible window on an ''X'' server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen. __Montage__ creates a composite by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile. __Convert__ converts an input file using one image format to an output file with a differing image format. __Mogrify__ transforms an image or a sequence of images. These transforms include __image scaling__, __image rotation__, __color reduction__, and others. The transmogrified image __overwrites__ the original image. __Identify__ describes the format and characteristics of one or more image files. It will also report if an image is incomplete or corrupt. __Composite__ composites images to create new images. __Conjure__ interprets and executes scripts in the Magick Scripting Language (MSL). The __!ImageMagick__ utilities recognize the following image formats: __Name Mode Description__ o 8BIM *rw- Photoshop resource format o AFM *r-- !TrueType font o APP1 *rw- Photoshop resource format o ART *r-- PF1: 1st Publisher o AVI *r-- Audio/Visual Interleaved o AVS *rw+ AVS X image o BIE *rw- Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange format o BMP *rw+ Microsoft Windows bitmap image o CAPTION *r+ Caption (requires separate size info) o CMYK *rw- Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) o CMYKA *rw- Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and matte samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) o CUT *r-- DR Hallo o DCM *r-- Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine image o DCX *rw+ ZSoft IBM PC multi-page Paintbrush o DIB *rw+ Microsoft Windows bitmap image o DPS *r-- Display Postscript o DPX *r-- Digital Moving Picture Exchange o EPDF *rw- Encapsulated Portable Document Format o EPI *rw- Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript Interchange format o EPS *rw- Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript o EPS2 *-w- Adobe Level II Encapsulated !PostScript o EPS3 *-w- Adobe Level III Encapsulated !PostScript o EPSF *rw- Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript o EPSI *rw- Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript Interchange format o EPT *rw- Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript with TIFF preview o FAX *rw+ Group 3 FAX o FILE *r-- Uniform Resource Locator o FITS *rw- Flexible Image Transport System o FPX *rw- !FlashPix Format o FTP *r-- Uniform Resource Locator o G3 *rw- Group 3 FAX o GIF *rw+ !CompuServe graphics interchange format o GIF87 *rw- !CompuServe graphics interchange format (version 87a) o GRADIENT *r-- Gradual passing from one shade to another o GRANITE *r-- Granite texture o GRAY *rw+ Raw gray samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) o H *rw- Internal format o HDF -rw+ Hierarchical Data Format o HISTOGRAM *-w- Histogram of the image o HTM *-w- Hypertext Markup Language and a client-side image map o HTML *-w- Hypertext Markup Language and a client-side image map o HTTP *r-- Uniform Resource Locator o ICB *rw+ Truevision Targa image o ICM *rw- ICC Color Profile o ICO *r-- Microsoft icon o ICON *r-- Microsoft icon o IMPLICIT *--- o IPTC *rw- IPTC Newsphoto o JBG *rw+ Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange format o JBIG *rw+ Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange format o JP2 *rw- JPEG-2000 JP2 File Format Syntax o JPC *rw- JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax o JPEG *rw- Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format o JPG *rw- Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format o LABEL *r-- Text image format o LOGO *rw- !ImageMagick Logo o M2V *rw+ MPEG-2 Video Stream o MAP *rw- Colormap intensities (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) and indices (8 or 16 bits, depending on whether colors exceeds 256). o MAT *-w+ MATLAB image format o MATTE *-w+ MATTE format o MIFF *rw+ Magick image format o MNG *rw+ Multiple-image Network Graphics o MONO *rw- Bi-level bitmap in least-significant- -byte-first order o MPC -rw- Magick Persistent Cache image format o MPEG *rw+ MPEG-1 Video Stream o MPG *rw+ MPEG-1 Video Stream o MPR *r-- Magick Persistent Registry o MSL *r-- Magick Scripting Language o MTV *rw+ MTV Raytracing image format o MVG *rw- Magick Vector Graphics o NETSCAPE *r-- Netscape 216 color cube o NULL *r-- Constant image of uniform color o OTB *rw- On-the-air bitmap o P7 *rw+ Xv thumbnail format o PAL *rw- 16bit/pixel interleaved YUV o PALM *rw- Palm Pixmap format o PBM *rw+ Portable bitmap format (black and white) o PCD *rw- Photo CD o PCDS *rw- Photo CD o PCL *-w- Page Control Language o PCT *rw- Apple Macintosh !QuickDraw/PICT o PCX *rw- ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush o PDB *r-- Pilot Image Format o PDF *rw+ Portable Document Format o PFA *r-- !TrueType font o PFB *r-- !TrueType font o PFM *r-- !TrueType font o PGM *rw+ Portable graymap format (gray scale) o PICON *rw- Personal Icon o PICT *rw- Apple Macintosh !QuickDraw/PICT o PIX *r-- Alias/Wavefront RLE image format o PLASMA *r-- Plasma fractal image o PM *rw- X Windows system pixmap (color) o PNG *rw- Portable Network Graphics o PNM *rw+ Portable anymap o PPM *rw+ Portable pixmap format (color) o PREVIEW *-w- Show a preview an image enhancement, effect, or f/x o PS *rw+ Adobe !PostScript o PS2 *-w+ Adobe Level II !PostScript o PS3 *-w+ Adobe Level III !PostScript o PSD *rw- Adobe Photoshop bitmap o PTIF *rw- Pyramid encoded TIFF o PWP *r-- Seattle Film Works o RAS *rw+ SUN Rasterfile o RGB *rw+ Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) o RGBA *rw+ Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) o RLA *r-- Alias/Wavefront image o RLE *r-- Utah Run length encoded image o ROSE *rw- 70x46 Truecolor test image o SCT *r-- Scitex !HandShake o SFW *r-- Seattle Film Works o SGI *rw+ Irix RGB image o SHTML *-w- Hypertext Markup Language and a client-side image map o STEGANO *r-- Steganographic image o SUN *rw+ SUN Rasterfile o SVG *rw+ Scalable Vector Gaphics o TEXT *rw+ Raw text o TGA *rw+ Truevision Targa image o TIF *rw+ Tagged Image File Format o TIFF *rw+ Tagged Image File Format o TILE *r-- Tile image with a texture o TIM *r-- PSX TIM o TTF *r-- !TrueType font o TXT *rw+ Raw text o UIL *-w- X-Motif UIL table o UYVY *rw- 16bit/pixel interleaved YUV o VDA *rw+ Truevision Targa image o VICAR *rw- VICAR rasterfile format o VID *rw+ Visual Image Directory o VIFF *rw+ Khoros Visualization image o VST *rw+ Truevision Targa image o WBMP *rw- Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image o WMF *r-- Windows Metafile o WPG *r-- Word Perfect Graphics o X *rw- X Image o XBM *rw- X Windows system bitmap (black and white) o XC *r-- Constant image uniform color o XCF *r-- GIMP image o XML *r-- Scalable Vector Gaphics o XPM *rw- X Windows system pixmap (color) o XV *rw+ Khoros Visualization image o XWD *rw- X Windows system window dump (color) o YUV *rw- CCIR 601 4:1:1 Modes: * Native blob support r Read w Write + Multi-image ''Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software''. Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use __+adjoin__ if you want a single image produced for each frame. Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless __!ImageMagick__ is compiled in 16-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two bytes per pixel in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if __!ImageMagick__ was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing __ !!OPTIONS Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or __-noop__. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images. This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the !ImageMagick utilities (''animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify'' and ''montage''). In this document, angle brackets ( -fuzz __-adjoin__ join images into a single multi-image file By default, all images of an image sequence are stored in the same file. However, some formats (e.g. JPEG) do not support more than one image and are saved to separate files. Use __+adjoin__ to force this behavior. __-affine__ '''' drawing transform matrix __-antialias__ remove pixel aliasing __-append__ append a set of images This option creates a single image where the images in the original set are stacked top-to-bottom. If they are not of the same width, any narrow images will be expanded to fit using the background color. Use __+append__ to stack images left-to-right. The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-append__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are appended. __-average__ average a set of images The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-average__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are averaged. __-backdrop__ '''' display the image centered on a backdrop. This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. Refer to '' __-background__ '''' the background color The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. __-blur__ '''' blur the image with a gaussian operator Blur with the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). __-border__ '''' surround the image with a border of color See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry specification. __-bordercolor__ '''' the border color The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. __-borderwidth__ '''' the border width __-box__ '''' set the color of the annotation bounding box The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. See __-draw__ for further details. __-cache__ '''' megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of memory have been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are cached on disk. Operations to memory are significantly faster but if your computer does not have a sufficient amount of free memory you may want to adjust this threshold value. __-channel__ '''' the type of channel Choose from: __Red__, __Green__, __Blue__, __Opacity__, __Cyan__, __Magenta__, __Yellow__, or __Black__. Use this option to extract a particular ''channel'' from the image. __Matte__, for example, is useful for extracting the opacity values from an image. __-charcoal__ '''' simulate a charcoal drawing __-chop__ '''' remove pixels from the interior of an image ''Width'' and ''height'' give the number of columns and rows to remove, and ''x'' and ''y'' are offsets that give the location of the leftmost column and topmost row to remove. The ''x'' offset normally specifies the leftmost column to remove. If the __-gravity__ option is present with ''!NorthEast, East,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the rightmost column to remove. Similarly, the ''y'' offset normally specifies the topmost row to remove, but if the __-gravity__ option is present with ''!SouthWest, South,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, it specifies the distance upward from the bottom edge of the image to the bottom row to remove. The __-chop__ option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps. __-clip__ apply the clipping path, if one is present If a clipping path is present, it will be applied to subsequent operations. For example, if you type the following command: convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif only the pixels within the clipping path are negated. The __-clip__ feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored. __-coalesce__ merge a sequence of images Each image N in the sequence after Image 0 is replaced with the image created by flattening images 0 through N. The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-coalesce__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are coalesced. __-colorize__ '''' colorize the image with the pen color Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. You can apply separate colorization values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a colorization value list delineated with slashes (e.g. 0/0/50). __-colormap__ '''' define the colormap type Choose between __shared__ or __private__. This option only applies when the default X server visual is ''!PseudoColor'' or ''GRAYScale''. Refer to __-visual__ for more details. By default, a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look very different than intended. Choose __Private__ and the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go ''technicolor'' when the image colormap is installed. __-colors__ '''' preferred number of colors in the image The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. Refer to quantize for more details. Note, options __-dither__, __-colorspace__, and __-treedepth__ affect the color reduction algorithm. __-colorspace__ '''' the type of colorspace Choices are: __GRAY__, __OHTA__, __RGB__, __Transparent__, __XYZ__, __YCbCr__, __YIQ__, __YPbPr__, __YUV__, or __CMYK__. Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image. Refer to quantize for more details. The __Transparent__ color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists. The __-colors__ or __-monochrome__ option is required for this option to take effect. __-comment__ '''' annotate an image with a comment Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters: %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x resolution %y y resolution %# signature n newline r carriage return For example, -comment produces an image comment of __MIFF:bird.miff 512x480__ for an image titled __bird.miff__ and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of ''string'' is ''@'', the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. __-compose__ '''' the type of image composition [[This option is not used by ''convert'' but this section is included because it describes the composite operators that are used by the __-draw__ option of ''convert''.] By default, each of the composite image pixels are replaced by the corresponding image tile pixel. You can choose an alternate composite operation: Over In Out Atop Xor Plus Minus Add Subtract Difference Multiply Bumpmap Copy !CopyRed !CopyGreen !CopyBlue !CopyOpacity How each operator behaves is described below. __Over__ The result will be the union of the two image shapes, with opaque areas of ''composite image'' obscuring ''image'' in the region of overlap. __In__ The result is simply ''composite image'' cut by the shape of ''image''. None of the image data of ''image'' will be in the result. __Out__ The resulting image is ''composite image'' with the shape of ''image'' cut out. __Atop__ The result is the same shape as image ''image'', with ''composite image'' obscuring ''image'' where the image shapes overlap. Note this differs from __over__ because the portion of ''composite image'' outside ''image'''s shape does not appear in the result. __Xor__ The result is the image data from both ''composite image'' and ''image'' that is outside the overlap region. The overlap region will be blank. __Plus__ The result is just the sum of the image data. Output values are cropped to 255 (no overflow). This operation is independent of the matte channels. __Minus__ The result of ''composite image'' - ''image'', with underflow cropped to zero. The matte channel is ignored (set to 255, full coverage). __Add__ The result of ''composite image'' + ''image'', with overflow wrapping around (''mod'' 256). __Subtract__ The result of ''composite image'' - ''image'', with underflow wrapping around (''mod'' 256). The __add__ and __subtract__ operators can be used to perform reversible transformations. __Difference__ The result of abs(''composite image'' - ''image''). This is useful for comparing two very similar images. __Multiply__ The result of ''composite image'' * ''image''. This is useful for the creation of drop-shadows. __Bumpmap__ The result ''image'' shaded by ''composite image''. __Copy__ The resulting image is ''image'' replaced with ''composite image''. Here the matte information is ignored. __!CopyRed__ The resulting image is the red layer in ''image'' replaced with the red layer in ''composite image''. The other layers are copied untouched. __!CopyGreen__ The resulting image is the green layer in ''image'' replaced with the green layer in ''composite image''. The other layers are copied untouched. __!CopyBlue__ The resulting image is the blue layer in ''image'' replaced with the blue layer in ''composite image''. The other layers are copied untouched. __!CopyOpacity__ The resulting image is the matte layer in ''image'' replaced with the matte layer in ''composite image''. The other layers are copied untouched. The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in the image for some operations. This extra channel usually defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter for the image. This is the case when matte is 255 (full coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and between zero and 255 on the boundary. For certain operations, if ''image'' does not have a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255 (to work properly __borderwidth__ must be 0). __-compress__ '''' the type of image compression Choices are: ''None'', ''BZip'', ''Fax'', ''Group4'', ''JPEG'', ''Lossless'', ''LZW'', ''RLE'' or ''Zip''. Specify __+compress__ to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file. If ''LZW'' compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data will be written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files. '''' refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. __-contrast__ enhance or reduce the image contrast This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use __-contrast__ to enhance the image or __+contrast__ to reduce the image contrast. __-crop__ '''' preferred size and location of the cropped image See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry specification. The width and height give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and ''x'' and ''y'' are offsets that give the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use __-shave__ instead. To specify a percentage width or height to be removed instead, append __%__. For example to crop the image by ten percent (five percent on each side of the image), use __-crop 10%__. If the ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the __-gravity__ option is present with ''!NorthEast, East,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the __-gravity__ option is present with ''!SouthWest, South,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges. If the ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image. __-cycle__ '''' displace image colormap by amount ''Amount'' defines the number of positions each colormap entry is shifted. __-debug__ enable debug printout __-deconstruct__ break down an image sequence into constituent parts The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-deconstruct__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are deconstructed. __-delay__ '' '' display the next image after pausing This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences ''Delay/100'' seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The maximum delay is 65535. You can specify a delay range (e.g. ''-delay 10-500'') which sets the minimum and maximum delay. __-density__ '''' vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image This option specifies an image density when decoding a ''!PostScript'' or Portable Document page. The default is 72 dots per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction. This option is used in concert with __-page__. __-depth__ '''' depth of the image This is the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. The only acceptable values are 8 or 16. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read. __-descend__ obtain image by descending window hierarchy __-despeckle__ reduce the speckles within an image __-displace__ '' '' shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map With this option, ''composite image'' is used as a displacement map. Black, within the displacement map, is a maximum positive displacement. White is a maximum negative displacement and middle gray is neutral. The displacement is scaled to determine the pixel shift. By default, the displacement applies in both the horizontal and vertical directions. However, if you specify ''mask'', ''composite image'' is the horizontal X displacement and ''mask'' the vertical Y displacement. __-display__ '''' specifies the X server to contact This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See ''X(1)''. __-dispose__ '''' GIF disposal method Here are the valid methods: 0 No disposal specified. 1 Do not dispose between frames. 2 Overwrite frame with background color from header. 3 Overwrite with previous frame. __-dissolve__ '''' dissolve an image into another by the given percent The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then it is composited over the main image. __-dither__ apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be improved with this option. The __-colors__ or __-monochrome__ option is required for this option to take effect. Use __+dither__ to turn off dithering and to render Postscript without text or graphic aliasing. __-draw__ '''' annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives Use this option to annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include point x,y line x0,y0 x1,y1 rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 roundRectangle x0,y0 w,h wc,hc arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1 ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1 circle x0,y0 x1,y1 polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn path path specification color x0,y0 method matte x0,y0 method text x0,y0 string image operator x0,y0 w,h filename __Point__ requires a single coordinate. __Line__ requires a start and end coordinate, while __rectangle__ expects an upper left and lower right coordinate. __!RoundRectangle__ has a center coordinate, a width and height, and the width and height of the corners. __Circle__ has a center coordinate and a coordinate for the outer edge. Use __Arc__ to circumscribe an arc within a rectangle. Arcs require a start and end point as well as the degree of rotation (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). Use __Ellipse__ to draw a partial ellipse centered at the given point with the x-axis and y-axis radius and start and end of arc in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360). Finally, __polyline__ and __polygon__ require three or more coordinates to define its boundaries. Coordinates are integers separated by an optional comma. For example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use: -draw 'circle 100,100 150,150' See Paths. Paths represent an outline of an object which is defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a curve using a cubic bezier), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as Use __color__ to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see __-fill__. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method: point replace floodfill filltoborder reset Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The __point__ method recolors the target pixel. The __replace__ method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. __Floodfill__ recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas __filltoborder__ recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, __reset__ recolors all pixels. Use __matte__ to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the __color__ primitive for a description of methods). The __point__ method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The __replace__ method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. __Floodfill__ changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas __filltoborder__ changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (__-bordercolor__). Finally __reset__ changes the matte value of all pixels. Use __text__ to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in double quotes. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See __-comment__ for details. For example, -draw 'text 100,100 annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480. Use __image__ to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename: -draw 'image Over 100,100 225,225 image.jpg' See __-compose__ for a description of the composite operators. If the first character of ''string'' is ''@'', the text is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with __-fill__, __-font__, and __-box__ respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options ''before'' the __-draw__ option. __-edge__ '''' detect edges within an image __-emboss__ emboss an image __-endian__ '''' specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of output image Use __+endian__ to revert to unspecified endianness. __-enhance__ apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image __-equalize__ perform histogram equalization to the image __-fill__ '''' color to use when filling a graphic primitive The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. See __-draw__ for further details. __-filter__ '''' use this type of filter when resizing an image Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image (see __-geometry__). Choose from these filters: Point Box Triangle Hermite Hanning Hamming Blackman Gaussian Quadratic Cubic Catrom Mitchell Lanczos Bessel Sinc The default filter is __Lanczos__ __-flatten__ flatten a sequence of images The sequence of images is replaced by a single image created by composing each image after the first over the first image. The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-flatten__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are flattened. __-flip__ create a reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction. __-flop__ create a reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction. __-font__ '''' use this font when annotating the image with text You can tag a font to specify whether it is a Postscript, Truetype, or OPTION1 font. For example, Arial.ttf is a Truetype font, ps:helvetica is Postscript, and x:fixed is OPTION1. __-foreground__ '''' define the foreground color The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. __-format__ '''' the image format type This option will convert any image to the image format you specify. See ''!ImageMagick(1)'' for a list of image format types supported by __!ImageMagick__. By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with __-format__. For example, if you specify ''tiff'' as the format type and the input image filename is ''image.gif'', the output image filename becomes ''image.tiff''. __-format__ '''' output formatted image characteristics Use this option to print information about the image in a format of your choosing. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attributes by embedding special format characters: %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x resolution %y y resolution %# signature n newline r carriage return For example, -format displays __MIFF:bird.miff 512x480__ for an image titled __bird.miff__ and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of ''string'' is __@__, the format is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. __-frame__ '' '' surround the image with an ornamental border See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry specification. The __-frame__ option is not affected by the __-gravity__ option. The color of the border is specified with the __-mattecolor__ command line option. __-frame__ include the X window frame in the imported image __-fuzz__ '''' colors within this distance are considered equal A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automatically trim the edges of an image with __-trim__ but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences. The ''distance'' can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending '''', as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255 or 65535). __-gamma__ '''' level of gamma correction The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from __0.8__ to __2.3__. You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delineated with slashes (e.g., __1.7__/__2.3__/__1.2__). Use __+gamma__ ''value'' to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images). __-gaussian__ '''' blur the image with a gaussian operator Use the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). __-geometry__ '' '' preferred size and location of the Image window. By default, the window size is the image size and the location is chosen by you when it is mapped. By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. ''Append an exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to exactly the size you specify''. For example, if you specify 640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480. If only the width is specified, the width assumes the value and the height is chosen to maintain the aspect ratio of the image. Similarly, if only the height is specified (e.g., -geometry x256), the width is chosen to maintain the aspect ratio. To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. The image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtain the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentage less than 100. Use @ to specify the maximum area in pixels of an image. Use only'' if its width or height exceeds the geometry specification. ''only'' if both of its dimensions are less than the geometry specification. For example, if you specify '640x480 '' When used with ''animate'' and ''display'', offsets are handled in the same manner as in ''X(1)'' and the __-gravity__ option is not used. If the ''x'' is negative, the offset is measured leftward from the right edge of the screen to the right edge of the image being displayed. Similarly, negative ''y'' is measured between the bottom edges. The offsets are not affected by '' When used as a ''composite'' option, __-geometry__ gives the dimensions of the image and its location with respect to the composite image. If the __-gravity__ option is present with ''!NorthEast, East,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, the ''x'' represents the distance from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the composite image. Similarly, if the __-gravity__ option is present with ''!SouthWest, South,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, ''y'' is measured between the bottom edges. Accordingly, a positive offset will never point in the direction outside of the image. The offsets are not affected by '' When used as a ''convert'', ''import'' or ''mogrify'' option, __-geometry__ specifies the size of the output image. The offsets, if present, are ignored. When used as a ''montage'' option, __-geometry__ specifies the image size and border size for each tile; default is 256x256+0+0. Negative offsets (border dimensions) are meaningless. The __-gravity__ option affects the placement of the image within the tile; the default gravity for this purpose is ''Center''. If the '' __-gravity__ '''' direction primitive gravitates to when annotating the image. Choices are: !NorthWest, North, !NorthEast, West, Center, East, !SouthWest, South, !SouthEast. The direction you choose specifies where to position the text or other graphic primitive when annotating the image. For example ''Center'' gravity forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is ''!NorthWest''. See __-draw__ for more details about graphic primitives. The __-gravity__ option is also used in concert with the __-geometry__ option and other options that take ____ as a parameter, such as the __-crop__ option. See __-geometry__ for details of how the __-gravity__ option interacts with the ____ and ____ parameters of a geometry specification. When used as an option to ''composite'', __-gravity__ gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite. When used as an option to ''montage'', __-gravity__ gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is ''Center'' for this purpose. __-help__ print usage instructions __-iconGeometry__ '''' specify the icon geometry Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the __-geometry__ option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets. __-iconic__ iconic animation __-immutable__ make image immutable __-implode__ '''' implode image pixels about the center __-intent__ '''' use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color Use this option to affect the the color management operation of an image (see __-profile__). Choose from these intents: __Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation__ The default intent is undefined. __-interlace__ '''' the type of interlacing scheme Choices are: __None, Line, Plane,__ or __Partition__. The default is __None__. This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as __RGB__ or __YUV__. __None__ means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), __Line__ uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and __Plane__ uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). __Partition__ is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B). Use __Line__ or __Plane__ to create an __interlaced PNG__ or __GIF__ or __progressive JPEG__ image. __-label__ '''' assign a label to an image Use this option to assign a specific label to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See __-comment__ for details. For example, -label produces an image label of __MIFF:bird.miff 512x480__ for an image titled __bird.miff__ and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of ''string'' is ''@'', the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. When converting to ''!PostScript'', use this option to specify a header string to print above the image. Specify the label font with __-font__. __-level__ '''' adjust the level of image contrast Give three point values delineated with commas: black, mid, and white (e.g. 10,1.0,65000). The white and black points range from 0 to MaxRGB and mid ranges from 0 to 10. __-linewidth__ the line width for subsequent draw operations __-list__ '''' the type of list Choices are: __Delegate__, __Format__, __Magic__, __Module__, or __Type__. This option lists entries from the !ImageMagick configuration files. __-loop__ '''' add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation A value other than zero forces the animation to repeat itself up to ''iterations'' times. __-magnify__ '''' magnify the image __-map__ '''' choose a particular set of colors from this image [[''convert'' or ''mogrify''] By default, color reduction chooses an optimal set of colors that best represent the original image. Alternatively, you can choose a particular set of colors from an image file with this option. Use __+map__ to reduce all images in the image sequence that follows to a single optimal set of colors that best represent all the images. The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __+map__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are mapped. __-map__ '''' display image using this type. [[''animate'' or ''display''] Choose from these ''Standard Colormap'' types: best default gray red green blue The ''X server'' must support the ''Standard Colormap'' you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use __list__ as the type and __display__ searches the list of colormap types in __top-to-bottom__ order until one is located. See ''xstdcmap(1)'' for one way of creating Standard Colormaps. __-mask__ '''' Specify a clipping mask The image read from the file is used as a clipping mask. It must have the same dimensions as the image being masked. If the mask image contains an opacity channel, the opacity of each pixel is used to define the mask. Otherwise, the intensity (gray level) of each pixel is used. Use __+mask__ to remove the clipping mask. It is not necessary to use __-clip__ to activate the mask; __-clip__ is implied by __-mask__. __-matte__ store matte channel if the image has one If the image does not have a matte channel, create an opaque one. Use __+matte__ to ignore the matte channel and to avoid writing a matte channel in the output file. __-mattecolor__ '''' specify the matte color The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. __-median__ '''' apply a median filter to the image __-mode__ '''' mode of operation __-modulate__ '''' vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image Specify the percent change in brightness, the color saturation, and the hue separated by commas. For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use: __-modulate 120,90__. __-monochrome__ transform the image to black and white __-morph__ '''' morphs an image sequence Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next. The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-morph__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are morphed. __-mosaic__ create a mosaic from an image sequence The __-page__ option is used to locate the images within the mosaic. The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-mosaic__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are included in the mosaic. __-name__ name an image __-negate__ replace every pixel with its complementary color The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use __+negate__ to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image. __-noise__ '''' add or reduce noise in an image The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window. Use __radius__ to specify the width of the neighborhood. Use __+noise__ followed by a noise type to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types: Uniform Gaussian Multiplicative Impulse Laplacian Poisson __-noop__ NOOP (no option) The __-noop__ option can be used to terminate a group of images and reset all options to their default values, when no other option is desired. __-normalize__ transform image to span the full range of color values This is a contrast enhancement technique. __-opaque__ '''' change this color to the pen color within the image The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. See __-fill__ for more details. __-page__ '''' size and location of an image canvas Use this option to specify the dimensions of the ''!PostScript'' page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a Postscript page are: 11x17 792 1224 Ledger 1224 792 Legal 612 1008 Letter 612 792 !LetterSmall 612 792 ArchE 2592 3456 ArchD 1728 2592 ArchC 1296 1728 ArchB 864 1296 ArchA 648 864 A0 2380 3368 A1 1684 2380 A2 1190 1684 A3 842 1190 A4 595 842 A4Small 595 842 A5 421 595 A6 297 421 A7 210 297 A8 148 210 A9 105 148 A10 74 105 B0 2836 4008 B1 2004 2836 B2 1418 2004 B3 1002 1418 B4 709 1002 B5 501 709 C0 2600 3677 C1 1837 2600 C2 1298 1837 C3 918 1298 C4 649 918 C5 459 649 C6 323 459 Flsa 612 936 Flse 612 936 !HalfLetter 396 612 For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g. A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, __-page__ behaves much like __-geometry__ (e.g. -page letter+43+43__ To position a GIF image, use __-page__''{+-}'' (e.g. -page +100+200). For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in __-geometry__ and positioned relative to the lower left hand corner of the page by {+-}__x__''offset''''y__ ''offset''. Use -page 612x792 ''-page__ option is ''!NorthWest'', i.e., positive __x__ and __y__ ''offset'' are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the __-gravity__ option is present with a value other than ''!NorthWest''. The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792. This option is used in concert with __-density__. __-paint__ '''' simulate an oil painting Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with ''radius''. __-pause__ '''' pause between animation loops [[animate] Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation. __-pause__ '''' pause between snapshots [[import] Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot. __-pen__ '''' specify the pen color for drawing operations The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. __-ping__ efficiently determine image characteristics __-pointsize__ '''' pointsize of the Postscript, OPTION1, or !TrueType font __-preview__ '''' image preview type Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. convert -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png). Choose from these previews: Rotate Shear Roll Hue Saturation Brightness Gamma Spiff Dull Grayscale Quantize Despeckle !ReduceNoise Add Noise Sharpen Blur Threshold !EdgeDetect Spread Shade Raise Segment Solarize Swirl Implode Wave !OilPaint !CharcoalDrawing JPEG The default preview is __JPEG__. __-process__ '''' process a sequence of images The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the __-process__ option appears after all of the input images, all images are processed. __-profile__ '''' add ICM, IPTC, or generic profile to image -profile filename adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image. Use +profile icm, +profile iptc, or +profile profile_name to remove the respective profile. Use identify -verbose to find out what profiles are in the image file. Use +profile __-quality__ '''' JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default quality is 75. Use the __-sampling_factor__ option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling. For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless. For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression levels range from 0 (fastest compression) to 100 (best but slowest). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression. If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines: 0: none 1: sub 2: up 3: average 4: Paeth If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used. If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with ''minimum-sum-of-absolute-values'' is used. Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with ''minimum-sum-of-absolute-values'' are used. The default is quality is 75, which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless. For further information, see the PNG specification. __-raise__ '''' lighten or darken image edges This will create a 3-D effect. See __-geometry__ for details details about the geometry specification. Offsets are not used. Use __-raise__ to create a raised effect, otherwise use __+raise__. __-region__ '''' apply options to a portion of the image The ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are treated in the same manner as in __-crop__. __-remote__ perform a remote operation The only command recognized at this time is the name of an image file to load. __-resize__ '''' resize and locate an image This is an alias for the __-geometry__ option and it behaves in the same manner. If the __-filter__ option precedes the __-resize__ option, the specified filter is used. There are some exceptions: When used as a ''composite'' option, __-resize__ conveys the preferred size and location of the output image, while __-geometry__ conveys the size and placement of the ''composite image'' within the main image. When used as a ''montage'' option, __-resize__ conveys the preferred size and location of the montage, while __-geometry__ conveys information about the tiles. __-roll__ ''{+-}'' roll an image vertically or horizontally See __-geometry__ for details the geometry specification. The ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are not affected by the __-gravity__ option. A negative ''x'' offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative ''y'' offset rolls the image top-to-bottom. __-rotate__ '''' apply Paeth image rotation to the image Use only'' if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify -rotate '' Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with the color defined as __background__ (class __backgroundColor__). See ''X(1)'' for details. __-sample__ '''' scale image with pixel sampling See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry specification. __-sample__ ignores the __-filter__ selection if the __-filter__ option is present. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the __-gravity__ option has no effect. __-sampling_factor__ '''' sampling factors used by JPEG encoder. This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. __-scale__ '''' scale the image. See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry specification. __-scale__ uses a simpler, faster algorithm, and it ignores the __-filter__ selection if the __-filter__ option is present. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the __-gravity__ option has no effect. __-scene__ '''' set scene number This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence. __-scenes__ '''' range of image scene numbers to read Each image in the range is read with the filename followed by a period (__.__) and the decimal scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a __%d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf__ format specification in the file name. For example, montage -scenes 5-7 image.miff makes a montage of files image.miff.5, image.miff.6, and image.miff.7, and animate -scenes 0-12 image%02d.miff animates files image00.miff, image01.miff, through image12.miff. __-screen__ specify the screen to capture This option indicates that the !GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window. __-seed__ '''' pseudo-random number generator seed value __-segment__ '' '' segment an image Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. Specify ''cluster threshold'' as the number of pixels in each cluster must exceed the the cluster threshold to be considered valid. ''Smoothing threshold'' eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5. See '' __-shade__ '''' shade the image using a distant light source Specify ''azimuth'' and ''elevation'' as the position of the light source. Use __+shade__ to return the shading results as a grayscale image. __-shadow__ '''' shadow the montage __-shared_memory__ use shared memory This option specifies whether the utility should attempt use shared memory for pixmaps. !ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the ''MIT-SHM'' extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is __True__. __-sharpen__ '''' sharpen the image Use a gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). __-shave__ '''' shave pixels from the image edges Specify the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. __-shear__ '' '' shear the image along the X or Y axis Use the specified positive or negative shear angle. Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y axis, creating a parallelogram. An X direction shear slides an edge along the X axis, while a Y direction shear slides an edge along the Y axis. The amount of the shear is controlled by a shear angle. For X direction shears, ''x degrees'' is measured relative to the Y axis, and similarly, for Y direction shears ''y degrees'' is measured relative to the X axis. Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined as __background__ (class __backgroundColor__). See ''X(1)'' for details. __-silent__ operate silently __-size__ '''' width and height of the image Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as __GRAY__, __RGB__, or __CMYK__. In addition to width and height, use __-size__ with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a __MAP__ image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256). For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes: 192x128 384x256 768x512 1536x1024 3072x2048 Finally, use this option to choose a particular resolution layer of a JBIG or JPEG image (e.g. -size 1024x768). __-snaps__ '''' number of screen snapshots Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence. __-solarize__ '''' negate all pixels above the threshold level Specify ''factor'' as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%). This option produces a ''solarization'' effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process. __-spread__ '''' displace image pixels by a random amount ''Amount'' defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel to choose a candidate pixel to swap. __-stegano__ '''' hide watermark within an image Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png). __-stereo__ composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image. __-stroke__ '''' color to use when stroking a graphic primitive The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. See __-draw__ for further details. __-strokewidth__ '''' set the stroke width See __-draw__ for further details. __-swirl__ '''' swirl image pixels about the center ''Degrees'' defines the tightness of the swirl. __-text_font__ '''' font for writing fixed-width text Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point ''Courier''. You can tag a font to specify whether it is a Postscript, Truetype, or OPTION1 font. For example, Courier.ttf is a Truetype font and x:fixed is OPTION1. __-texture__ '''' name of texture to tile onto the image background __-threshold__ '''' threshold the image Create a bi-level image such that any pixel intensity that is equal or exceeds the threshold is reassigned the maximum intensity otherwise the minimum intensity. __-tile__ '''' tile image when filling a graphic primitive __-tile__ '''' layout of images [[''montage''] __-title__ '''' assign title to displayed image [[''animate, display, montage''] Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This is assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters: %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x resolution %y y resolution %# signature n newline r carriage return For example, -title produces an image title of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480. __-transparent__ '''' make this color transparent within the image The color is specified using the format described in the X(1)''. __-treedepth__ '''' tree depth for the color reduction algorithm Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells display to choose an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to quantize for more details. The __-colors__ or __-monochrome__ option is required for this option to take effect. __-trim__ trim an image This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use __-fuzz__ to make __-trim__ remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels. __-type__ '''' the image type Choose from: __Bilevel__, __Grayscale__, __Palette__, __!PaletteMatte__, __!TrueColor__, __!TrueColorMatte__, __!ColorSeparation__, __!ColorSeparationMatte__, or __Optimize__. Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The __-type__ option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use convert bird.pgm -type !TrueColor bird.jpg Similarly, using -type !TrueColorMatte will force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency. __-update__ '''' detect when image file is modified and redisplay. Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. __display__ will automatically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly. __-units__ '''' the type of image resolution Choose from: __Undefined__, __!PixelsPerInch__, or __!PixelsPerCentimeter__. __-unsharp__ '''' sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator Use the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). __-use_pixmap__ use the pixmap __-verbose__ print detailed information about the image This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (''!DirectClass'' or ''!PseudoClass''); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to miff for a description of the image class. If __-colors__ is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to quantize for a description of these values. __-view__ '''' !FlashPix viewing parameters __-visual__ '''' animate images using this X visual type Choose from these visual classes: !StaticGray !GrayScale !StaticColor !PseudoColor !TrueColor !DirectColor default visual id The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen. __-watermark__ '''' percent brightness and saturation of a watermark __-wave__ '''' alter an image along a sine wave Specify ''amplitude'' and ''wavelength'' of the wave. __-window__ '''' make image the background of a window ''id'' can be a window id or name. Specify __root__ to select X's root window as the target window. By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If __backdrop__ or __-geometry__ are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to __X RESOURCES__ for details. The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use __-colors__ to reduce the number of colors. __-window_group__ specify the window group __-write__ '''' write an image sequence [[''convert, composite''] The image sequence following the __-write__ ''filename''option is written out, and then processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the __+write__ ''filename'' option. __-write__ '''' write the image to a file [[''display''] If ''filename'' already exists, you will be prompted as to whether it should be overwritten. By default, the image is written in the format that it was read in as. To specify a particular image format, prefix ''filename'' with the image type and a colon (e.g., ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (e.g., image.ps). See convert(1) for a list of valid image formats. Specify file as - for standard output. If file has the extension __.Z__ or __gzip__ respectively. Precede the image file name with | to pipe to a system command. Use __-compress__ to specify the type of image compression. The equivalent X resource for this option is __writeFilename__ (class __!WriteFilename__). See __ !!FILES AND FORMATS By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (''i.e.''__ps:image__) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the __@__). When you specify __X__ as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by __id, name__, or __root__. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window. Specify ''input_file'' as __-__ for standard input, ''output_file'' as __-__ for standard output. If ''input_file'' has the extension respectively. If ''output_file'' has the extension __.Z__ or the file is compressed using with ''compress'' or ''gzip'' respectively. Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with __|__ to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[[50-75]). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[[2,7,4]). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 image.rgb[[320x256+50+50]). Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page !PostScript document with __+adjoin__ specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (__.__) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx ''printf'' format specification in the file name. For example, image%02d.miff writes files ''image00.miff, image01.miff,'' etc. When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line. !!ENVIRONMENT __DISPLAY__ To get the default host, display number, and screen. !!SEE ALSO animate(1), display(1), animate(1), display(1), identify(1), import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), composite(1) !!COPYRIGHT __Copyright (C) 2002 !ImageMagick Studio__ __Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( __ __The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of !ImageMagick.__ __The software is provided __ __Except as contained in this notice, the name of the !ImageMagick Studio LLC shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in !ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the !ImageMagick Studio.__ !!AUTHORS ''John Cristy, !ImageMagick Studio LLC, Glenn Randers-Pehrson, !ImageMagick Studio LLC.'' ----
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