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2 perry 1 !ImageMagick
2 !!!!ImageMagick
1 perry 3 NAME
4 SYNOPSIS
5 DESCRIPTION
6 OPTIONS
7 FILES AND FORMATS
8 ENVIRONMENT
9 SEE ALSO
10 COPYRIGHT
11 AUTHORS
12 ----
13 !!NAME
2 perry 14 !ImageMagick - commandline utilities to create, edit, or
1 perry 15 convert images
16 !!SYNOPSIS
17
18
19 __animate [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file'' __[[ [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file ...'' __]__
20
21
22 __composite [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''image
23 composite'' __[[__ ''mask'' __]__
24 ''composited''
25
26
27 __conjure [[__ ''options'' __]__ ''script.msl''
28 __[[ [[__ ''options'' __]__ ''script.msl''
29 __]__
30
31
32 __convert [[ [[__ ''options ...'' __] [[__
33 ''input_file ...'' __]__ ''...'' __[[__
34 ''output_file'' __] ]__
35
36
37 __display [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file ...''
38 __[[ [[__''options ...'' __]__''file ...''
39 __]__
40
41
42 __identify__ ''file'' __[[__ ''file ...''
43 __]__
44
45
46 __import [[__ ''options ...'' __]__
47 ''file''
48
49
50 __mogrify [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file
51 ...''
52
53
54 __montage [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file''
55 __[[ [[__ ''options ...'' __]__ ''file ...''
56 __]__ ''output_file''
57 !!DESCRIPTION
58
59
2 perry 60 __!ImageMagick__ provides a suite of commandline utilities
1 perry 61 for creating, converting, editing, and displaying
62 images:
63
64
65 __Display__ is a machine architecture independent image
66 processing and display program. It can display an image on
67 any workstation display running an ''X''
68 server.
69
70
71 __Import__ reads an image from any visible window on an
72 ''X'' server and outputs it as an image file. You can
73 capture a single window, the entire screen, or any
74 rectangular portion of the screen.
75
76
77 __Montage__ creates a composite by combining several
78 separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image
79 with the name of the image optionally appearing just below
80 the individual tile.
81
82
83 __Convert__ converts an input file using one image format
84 to an output file with a differing image
85 format.
86
87
88 __Mogrify__ transforms an image or a sequence of images.
89 These transforms include __image scaling__, __image
90 rotation__, __color reduction__, and others. The
91 transmogrified image __overwrites__ the original
92 image.
93
94
95 __Identify__ describes the format and characteristics of
96 one or more image files. It will also report if an image is
97 incomplete or corrupt.
98
99
100 __Composite__ composites images to create new
101 images.
102
103
104 __Conjure__ interprets and executes scripts in the Magick
105 Scripting Language (MSL).
106
107
2 perry 108 The __!ImageMagick__ utilities recognize the following
1 perry 109 image formats:
110
111
112 __Name Mode Description__ o 8BIM *rw- Photoshop resource
2 perry 113 format o AFM *r-- !TrueType font o APP1 *rw- Photoshop
1 perry 114 resource format o ART *r-- PF1: 1st Publisher o AVI *r--
115 Audio/Visual Interleaved o AVS *rw+ AVS X image o BIE *rw-
116 Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange format o BMP
117 *rw+ Microsoft Windows bitmap image o CAPTION *r+ Caption
118 (requires separate size info) o CMYK *rw- Raw cyan, magenta,
119 yellow, and black samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the
120 image depth) o CMYKA *rw- Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, black,
121 and matte samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
122 depth) o CUT *r-- DR Hallo o DCM *r-- Digital Imaging and
123 Communications in Medicine image o DCX *rw+ ZSoft IBM PC
124 multi-page Paintbrush o DIB *rw+ Microsoft Windows bitmap
125 image o DPS *r-- Display Postscript o DPX *r-- Digital
126 Moving Picture Exchange o EPDF *rw- Encapsulated Portable
2 perry 127 Document Format o EPI *rw- Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript
128 Interchange format o EPS *rw- Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript
129 o EPS2 *-w- Adobe Level II Encapsulated !PostScript o EPS3
130 *-w- Adobe Level III Encapsulated !PostScript o EPSF *rw-
131 Adobe Encapsulated !PostScript o EPSI *rw- Adobe Encapsulated
132 !PostScript Interchange format o EPT *rw- Adobe Encapsulated
133 !PostScript with TIFF preview o FAX *rw+ Group 3 FAX o FILE
1 perry 134 *r-- Uniform Resource Locator o FITS *rw- Flexible Image
2 perry 135 Transport System o FPX *rw- !FlashPix Format o FTP *r--
1 perry 136 Uniform Resource Locator o G3 *rw- Group 3 FAX o GIF *rw+
2 perry 137 !CompuServe graphics interchange format o GIF87 *rw-
138 !CompuServe graphics interchange format (version 87a) o
1 perry 139 GRADIENT *r-- Gradual passing from one shade to another o
140 GRANITE *r-- Granite texture o GRAY *rw+ Raw gray samples (8
141 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) o H *rw- Internal
142 format o HDF -rw+ Hierarchical Data Format o HISTOGRAM *-w-
143 Histogram of the image o HTM *-w- Hypertext Markup Language
144 and a client-side image map o HTML *-w- Hypertext Markup
145 Language and a client-side image map o HTTP *r-- Uniform
146 Resource Locator o ICB *rw+ Truevision Targa image o ICM
147 *rw- ICC Color Profile o ICO *r-- Microsoft icon o ICON *r--
148 Microsoft icon o IMPLICIT *--- o IPTC *rw- IPTC Newsphoto o
149 JBG *rw+ Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange
150 format o JBIG *rw+ Joint Bi-level Image experts Group
151 interchange format o JP2 *rw- JPEG-2000 JP2 File Format
152 Syntax o JPC *rw- JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax o JPEG *rw-
153 Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format o JPG *rw-
154 Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format o LABEL *r--
2 perry 155 Text image format o LOGO *rw- !ImageMagick Logo o M2V *rw+
1 perry 156 MPEG-2 Video Stream o MAP *rw- Colormap intensities (8 or 16
157 bits, depending on the image depth) and indices (8 or 16
158 bits, depending on whether colors exceeds 256). o MAT *-w+
159 MATLAB image format o MATTE *-w+ MATTE format o MIFF *rw+
160 Magick image format o MNG *rw+ Multiple-image Network
161 Graphics o MONO *rw- Bi-level bitmap in least-significant-
162 -byte-first order o MPC -rw- Magick Persistent Cache image
163 format o MPEG *rw+ MPEG-1 Video Stream o MPG *rw+ MPEG-1
164 Video Stream o MPR *r-- Magick Persistent Registry o MSL
165 *r-- Magick Scripting Language o MTV *rw+ MTV Raytracing
166 image format o MVG *rw- Magick Vector Graphics o NETSCAPE
167 *r-- Netscape 216 color cube o NULL *r-- Constant image of
168 uniform color o OTB *rw- On-the-air bitmap o P7 *rw+ Xv
169 thumbnail format o PAL *rw- 16bit/pixel interleaved YUV o
170 PALM *rw- Palm Pixmap format o PBM *rw+ Portable bitmap
171 format (black and white) o PCD *rw- Photo CD o PCDS *rw-
172 Photo CD o PCL *-w- Page Control Language o PCT *rw- Apple
2 perry 173 Macintosh !QuickDraw/PICT o PCX *rw- ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush
1 perry 174 o PDB *r-- Pilot Image Format o PDF *rw+ Portable Document
2 perry 175 Format o PFA *r-- !TrueType font o PFB *r-- !TrueType font o
176 PFM *r-- !TrueType font o PGM *rw+ Portable graymap format
1 perry 177 (gray scale) o PICON *rw- Personal Icon o PICT *rw- Apple
2 perry 178 Macintosh !QuickDraw/PICT o PIX *r-- Alias/Wavefront RLE
1 perry 179 image format o PLASMA *r-- Plasma fractal image o PM *rw- X
180 Windows system pixmap (color) o PNG *rw- Portable Network
181 Graphics o PNM *rw+ Portable anymap o PPM *rw+ Portable
182 pixmap format (color) o PREVIEW *-w- Show a preview an image
2 perry 183 enhancement, effect, or f/x o PS *rw+ Adobe !PostScript o PS2
184 *-w+ Adobe Level II !PostScript o PS3 *-w+ Adobe Level III
185 !PostScript o PSD *rw- Adobe Photoshop bitmap o PTIF *rw-
1 perry 186 Pyramid encoded TIFF o PWP *r-- Seattle Film Works o RAS
187 *rw+ SUN Rasterfile o RGB *rw+ Raw red, green, and blue
188 samples (8 or 16 bits, depending on the image depth) o RGBA
189 *rw+ Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples (8 or 16 bits,
190 depending on the image depth) o RLA *r-- Alias/Wavefront
191 image o RLE *r-- Utah Run length encoded image o ROSE *rw-
2 perry 192 70x46 Truecolor test image o SCT *r-- Scitex !HandShake o SFW
1 perry 193 *r-- Seattle Film Works o SGI *rw+ Irix RGB image o SHTML
194 *-w- Hypertext Markup Language and a client-side image map o
195 STEGANO *r-- Steganographic image o SUN *rw+ SUN Rasterfile
196 o SVG *rw+ Scalable Vector Gaphics o TEXT *rw+ Raw text o
197 TGA *rw+ Truevision Targa image o TIF *rw+ Tagged Image File
198 Format o TIFF *rw+ Tagged Image File Format o TILE *r-- Tile
2 perry 199 image with a texture o TIM *r-- PSX TIM o TTF *r-- !TrueType
1 perry 200 font o TXT *rw+ Raw text o UIL *-w- X-Motif UIL table o UYVY
201 *rw- 16bit/pixel interleaved YUV o VDA *rw+ Truevision Targa
202 image o VICAR *rw- VICAR rasterfile format o VID *rw+ Visual
203 Image Directory o VIFF *rw+ Khoros Visualization image o VST
204 *rw+ Truevision Targa image o WBMP *rw- Wireless Bitmap
205 (level 0) image o WMF *r-- Windows Metafile o WPG *r-- Word
206 Perfect Graphics o X *rw- X Image o XBM *rw- X Windows
207 system bitmap (black and white) o XC *r-- Constant image
208 uniform color o XCF *r-- GIMP image o XML *r-- Scalable
209 Vector Gaphics o XPM *rw- X Windows system pixmap (color) o
210 XV *rw+ Khoros Visualization image o XWD *rw- X Windows
211 system window dump (color) o YUV *rw- CCIR 601
212 4:1:1
213
214
215 Modes: * Native blob support r Read w Write +
216 Multi-image
217
218
219 ''Support for some of these formats require additional
220 programs or libraries. README tells where to find this
221 software''.
222
223
224 Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one
225 image is specified, it is composited into a single
226 multi-image file. Use __+adjoin__ if you want a single
227 image produced for each frame.
228
229
230 Your installation might not support all of the formats in
231 the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats
232 supported by your particular configuration, run
233
234
235 Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless
2 perry 236 __!ImageMagick__ is compiled in 16-bit mode. Here, the raw
1 perry 237 data is expected to be stored two bytes per pixel in
238 most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if
2 perry 239 __!ImageMagick__ was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing
1 perry 240 __
241 !!OPTIONS
242
243
244 Options are processed in command line order. Any option you
245 specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of
246 images that follows, until the set is terminated by the
247 appearance of any option or __-noop__. Some options only
248 affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding.
249 The latter can appear after the final group of input
250 images.
251
252
253 This is a combined list of the commandline options used by
2 perry 254 the !ImageMagick utilities (''animate, composite, convert,
1 perry 255 display, identify, import, mogrify'' and
256 ''montage'').
257
258
259 In this document, angle brackets (
260 -fuzz
261
262
263 __-adjoin__
264
265
266 join images into a single multi-image file
267
268
269 By default, all images of an image sequence are stored in
270 the same file. However, some formats (e.g. JPEG) do not
271 support more than one image and are saved to separate files.
272 Use __+adjoin__ to force this behavior.
273
274
275 __-affine__ ''''
276
277
278 drawing transform matrix
279
280
281 __-antialias__
282
283
284 remove pixel aliasing
285
286
287 __-append__
288
289
290 append a set of images
291
292
293 This option creates a single image where the images in the
294 original set are stacked top-to-bottom. If they are not of
295 the same width, any narrow images will be expanded to fit
296 using the background color. Use __+append__ to stack
297 images left-to-right. The set of images is terminated by the
298 appearance of any option. If the __-append__ option
299 appears after all of the input images, all images are
300 appended.
301
302
303 __-average__
304
305
306 average a set of images
307
308
309 The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any
310 option. If the __-average__ option appears after all of
311 the input images, all images are averaged.
312
313
314 __-backdrop__ ''''
315
316
317 display the image centered on a backdrop.
318
319
320 This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is
321 useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the
322 image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the
323 background color. The color is specified using the format
324 described in the
325 X(1)''. Refer to
326 ''
327
328
329 __-background__ ''''
330
331
332 the background color
333
334
335 The color is specified using the format described in the
336 X(1)''.
337
338
339 __-blur__
340 ''''
341
342
343 blur the image with a gaussian operator
344
345
346 Blur with the given radius and standard deviation
347 (sigma).
348
349
350 __-border__
351 ''''
352
353
354 surround the image with a border of color
355
356
357 See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry
358 specification.
359
360
361 __-bordercolor__ ''''
362
363
364 the border color
365
366
367 The color is specified using the format described in the
368 X(1)''.
369
370
371 __-borderwidth__ ''''
372
373
374 the border width
375
376
377 __-box__ ''''
378
379
380 set the color of the annotation bounding box
381
382
383 The color is specified using the format described in the
384 X(1)''.
385
386
387 See __-draw__ for further details.
388
389
390 __-cache__ ''''
391
392
393 megabytes of memory available to the pixel
394 cache
395
396
397 Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of
398 memory have been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are
399 cached on disk. Operations to memory are significantly
400 faster but if your computer does not have a sufficient
401 amount of free memory you may want to adjust this threshold
402 value.
403
404
405 __-channel__ ''''
406
407
408 the type of channel
409
410
411 Choose from: __Red__, __Green__, __Blue__,
412 __Opacity__, __Cyan__, __Magenta__, __Yellow__,
413 or __Black__.
414
415
416 Use this option to extract a particular ''channel'' from
417 the image. __Matte__, for example, is useful for
418 extracting the opacity values from an image.
419
420
421 __-charcoal__ ''''
422
423
424 simulate a charcoal drawing
425
426
427 __-chop__
428 ''''
429
430
431 remove pixels from the interior of an image
432
433
434 ''Width'' and ''height'' give the number of columns
435 and rows to remove, and ''x'' and ''y'' are offsets
436 that give the location of the leftmost column and topmost
437 row to remove.
438
439
440 The ''x'' offset normally specifies the leftmost column
441 to remove. If the __-gravity__ option is present with
2 perry 442 ''!NorthEast, East,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, it
1 perry 443 gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image
444 to the rightmost column to remove. Similarly, the ''y''
445 offset normally specifies the topmost row to remove, but if
2 perry 446 the __-gravity__ option is present with ''!SouthWest,
447 South,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, it specifies the
1 perry 448 distance upward from the bottom edge of the image to the
449 bottom row to remove.
450
451
452 The __-chop__ option removes entire rows and columns, and
453 moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to
454 close the gaps.
455
456
457 __-clip__
458
459
460 apply the clipping path, if one is present
461
462
463 If a clipping path is present, it will be applied to
464 subsequent operations.
465
466
467 For example, if you type the following command:
468
469
470 convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif
471
472
473 only the pixels within the clipping path are
474 negated.
475
476
477 The __-clip__ feature requires the XML library. If the
478 XML library is not present, the option is
479 ignored.
480
481
482 __-coalesce__
483
484
485 merge a sequence of images
486
487
488 Each image N in the sequence after Image 0 is replaced with
489 the image created by flattening images 0 through
490 N.
491
492
493 The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any
494 option. If the __-coalesce__ option appears after all of
495 the input images, all images are coalesced.
496
497
498 __-colorize__ ''''
499
500
501 colorize the image with the pen color
502
503
504 Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. You can
505 apply separate colorization values to the red, green, and
506 blue channels of the image with a colorization value list
507 delineated with slashes (e.g. 0/0/50).
508
509
510 __-colormap__ ''''
511
512
513 define the colormap type
514
515
516 Choose between __shared__ or __private__.
517
518
519 This option only applies when the default X server visual is
2 perry 520 ''!PseudoColor'' or ''GRAYScale''. Refer to
1 perry 521 __-visual__ for more details. By default, a shared
522 colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X
523 clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore
524 your image may look very different than intended. Choose
525 __Private__ and the image colors appear exactly as they
526 are defined. However, other clients may go
527 ''technicolor'' when the image colormap is
528 installed.
529
530
531 __-colors__ ''''
532
533
534 preferred number of colors in the image
535
536
537 The actual number of colors in the image may be less than
538 your request, but never more. Note, this is a color
539 reduction option. Images with less unique colors than
540 specified with this option will have any duplicate or unused
541 colors removed. Refer to quantize for more
542 details.
543
544
545 Note, options __-dither__, __-colorspace__, and
546 __-treedepth__ affect the color reduction
547 algorithm.
548
549
550 __-colorspace__ ''''
551
552
553 the type of colorspace
554
555
556 Choices are: __GRAY__, __OHTA__, __RGB__,
557 __Transparent__, __XYZ__, __YCbCr__, __YIQ__,
558 __YPbPr__, __YUV__, or __CMYK__.
559
560
561 Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color
562 space. Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color
563 spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color
564 differences more closely than do distances in RGB space.
565 These color spaces may give better results when color
566 reducing an image. Refer to quantize for more
567 details.
568
569
570 The __Transparent__ color space behaves uniquely in that
571 it preserves the matte channel of the image if it
572 exists.
573
574
575 The __-colors__ or __-monochrome__ option is required
576 for this option to take effect.
577
578
579 __-comment__ ''''
580
581
582 annotate an image with a comment
583
584
585 Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image.
586 You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or
587 other image attribute by embedding special format
588 characters:
589
590
591 %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention
592 %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique
593 colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output
594 filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t
595 top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x
596 resolution %y y resolution %# signature n newline r carriage
597 return
598
599
600 For example,
601
602
603 -comment
604
605
606 produces an image comment of __MIFF:bird.miff 512x480__
607 for an image titled __bird.miff__ and whose width is 512
608 and height is 480.
609
610
611 If the first character of ''string'' is ''@'', the
612 image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining
613 characters in the string.
614
615
616 __-compose__ ''''
617
618
619 the type of image composition
620
621
622 [[This option is not used by ''convert'' but this section
623 is included because it describes the composite operators
624 that are used by the __-draw__ option of
625 ''convert''.]
626
627
628 By default, each of the composite image pixels are replaced
629 by the corresponding image tile pixel. You can choose an
630 alternate composite operation:
631
632
633 Over In Out Atop Xor Plus Minus Add Subtract Difference
2 perry 634 Multiply Bumpmap Copy !CopyRed !CopyGreen !CopyBlue
635 !CopyOpacity
1 perry 636
637
638 How each operator behaves is described below.
639
640
641 __Over__
642
643
644 The result will be the union of the two image shapes, with
645 opaque areas of ''composite image'' obscuring
646 ''image'' in the region of overlap.
647
648
649 __In__
650
651
652 The result is simply ''composite image'' cut by the shape
653 of ''image''. None of the image data of ''image'' will
654 be in the result.
655
656
657 __Out__
658
659
660 The resulting image is ''composite image'' with the shape
661 of ''image'' cut out.
662
663
664 __Atop__
665
666
667 The result is the same shape as image ''image'', with
668 ''composite image'' obscuring ''image'' where the
669 image shapes overlap. Note this differs from __over__
670 because the portion of ''composite image'' outside
671 ''image'''s shape does not appear in the
672 result.
673
674
675 __Xor__
676
677
678 The result is the image data from both ''composite
679 image'' and ''image'' that is outside the overlap
680 region. The overlap region will be blank.
681
682
683 __Plus__
684
685
686 The result is just the sum of the image data. Output values
687 are cropped to 255 (no overflow). This operation is
688 independent of the matte channels.
689
690
691 __Minus__
692
693
694 The result of ''composite image'' - ''image'', with
695 underflow cropped to zero. The matte channel is ignored (set
696 to 255, full coverage).
697
698
699 __Add__
700
701
702 The result of ''composite image'' + ''image'', with
703 overflow wrapping around (''mod'' 256).
704
705
706 __Subtract__
707
708
709 The result of ''composite image'' - ''image'', with
710 underflow wrapping around (''mod'' 256). The __add__
711 and __subtract__ operators can be used to perform
712 reversible transformations.
713
714
715 __Difference__
716
717
718 The result of abs(''composite image'' - ''image'').
719 This is useful for comparing two very similar
720 images.
721
722
723 __Multiply__
724
725
726 The result of ''composite image'' * ''image''. This is
727 useful for the creation of drop-shadows.
728
729
730 __Bumpmap__
731
732
733 The result ''image'' shaded by ''composite
734 image''.
735
736
737 __Copy__
738
739
740 The resulting image is ''image'' replaced with
741 ''composite image''. Here the matte information is
742 ignored.
743
744
2 perry 745 __!CopyRed__
1 perry 746
747
748 The resulting image is the red layer in ''image''
749 replaced with the red layer in ''composite image''. The
750 other layers are copied untouched.
751
752
2 perry 753 __!CopyGreen__
1 perry 754
755
756 The resulting image is the green layer in ''image''
757 replaced with the green layer in ''composite image''. The
758 other layers are copied untouched.
759
760
2 perry 761 __!CopyBlue__
1 perry 762
763
764 The resulting image is the blue layer in ''image''
765 replaced with the blue layer in ''composite image''. The
766 other layers are copied untouched.
767
768
2 perry 769 __!CopyOpacity__
1 perry 770
771
772 The resulting image is the matte layer in ''image''
773 replaced with the matte layer in ''composite image''. The
774 other layers are copied untouched.
775
776
777 The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in
778 the image for some operations. This extra channel usually
779 defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter
780 for the image. This is the case when matte is 255 (full
781 coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and
782 between zero and 255 on the boundary. For certain
783 operations, if ''image'' does not have a matte channel,
784 it is initialized with 0 for any pixel matching in color to
785 pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255 (to work properly
786 __borderwidth__ must be 0).
787
788
789 __-compress__ ''''
790
791
792 the type of image compression
793
794
795 Choices are: ''None'', ''BZip'', ''Fax'',
796 ''Group4'', ''JPEG'', ''Lossless'', ''LZW'',
797 ''RLE'' or ''Zip''.
798
799
800 Specify __+compress__ to store the binary image in an
801 uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of
802 the specified image file.
803
804
805 If ''LZW'' compression is specified but LZW compression
806 has not been enabled, the image data will be written in an
807 uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders.
808 This may result in larger-than-expected GIF
809 files.
810
811
812 '''' refers to lossless JPEG, which
813 is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to
814 support it.
815
816
817 __-contrast__
818
819
820 enhance or reduce the image contrast
821
822
823 This option enhances the intensity differences between the
824 lighter and darker elements of the image. Use
825 __-contrast__ to enhance the image or __+contrast__ to
826 reduce the image contrast.
827
828
829 __-crop__
830 ''''
831
832
833 preferred size and location of the cropped
834 image
835
836
837 See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry
838 specification.
839
840
841 The width and height give the size of the image that remains
842 after cropping, and ''x'' and ''y'' are offsets that
843 give the location of the top left corner of the cropped
844 image with respect to the original image. To specify the
845 amount to be removed, use __-shave__
846 instead.
847
848
849 To specify a percentage width or height to be removed
850 instead, append __%__. For example to crop the image by
851 ten percent (five percent on each side of the image), use
852 __-crop 10%__.
853
854
855 If the ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are present, a single
856 image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the
857 cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the
858 upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward
859 and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the
860 image. If the __-gravity__ option is present with
2 perry 861 ''!NorthEast, East,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, it
1 perry 862 gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image
863 to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the
2 perry 864 __-gravity__ option is present with ''!SouthWest,
865 South,'' or ''!SouthEast'' gravity, the distance is
1 perry 866 measured upward between the bottom edges.
867
868
869 If the ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are omitted, a set of
870 tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input
871 image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom
872 tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond
873 the dimensions of the input image.
874
875
876 __-cycle__ ''''
877
878
879 displace image colormap by amount
880
881
882 ''Amount'' defines the number of positions each colormap
883 entry is shifted.
884
885
886 __-debug__
887
888
889 enable debug printout
890
891
892 __-deconstruct__
893
894
895 break down an image sequence into constituent
896 parts
897
898
899 The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of
900 any option. If the __-deconstruct__ option appears after
901 all of the input images, all images are
902 deconstructed.
903
904
905 __-delay__ ''
906 ''
907
908
909 display the next image after pausing
910
911
912 This option is useful for regulating the animation of image
913 sequences ''Delay/100'' seconds must expire before the
914 display of the next image. The default is no delay between
915 each showing of the image sequence. The maximum delay is
916 65535.
917
918
919 You can specify a delay range (e.g. ''-delay 10-500'')
920 which sets the minimum and maximum delay.
921
922
923 __-density__
924 ''''
925
926
927 vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the
928 image
929
930
931 This option specifies an image density when decoding a
2 perry 932 ''!PostScript'' or Portable Document page. The default is
1 perry 933 72 dots per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction.
934 This option is used in concert with
935 __-page__.
936
937
938 __-depth__ ''''
939
940
941 depth of the image
942
943
944 This is the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel.
945 The only acceptable values are 8 or 16. Use this option to
946 specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such
947 as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image
948 after it has been read.
949
950
951 __-descend__
952
953
954 obtain image by descending window hierarchy
955
956
957 __-despeckle__
958
959
960 reduce the speckles within an image
961
962
963 __-displace__ ''
964 ''
965
966
967 shift image pixels as defined by a displacement
968 map
969
970
971 With this option, ''composite image'' is used as a
972 displacement map. Black, within the displacement map, is a
973 maximum positive displacement. White is a maximum negative
974 displacement and middle gray is neutral. The displacement is
975 scaled to determine the pixel shift. By default, the
976 displacement applies in both the horizontal and vertical
977 directions. However, if you specify ''mask'',
978 ''composite image'' is the horizontal X displacement and
979 ''mask'' the vertical Y displacement.
980
981
982 __-display__
983 ''''
984
985
986 specifies the X server to contact
987
988
989 This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font
990 from this X server. See ''X(1)''.
991
992
993 __-dispose__ ''''
994
995
996 GIF disposal method
997
998
999 Here are the valid methods:
1000
1001
1002 0 No disposal specified. 1 Do not dispose between frames. 2
1003 Overwrite frame with background color from header. 3
1004 Overwrite with previous frame.
1005
1006
1007 __-dissolve__ ''''
1008
1009
1010 dissolve an image into another by the given
1011 percent
1012
1013
1014 The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the
1015 given percent, then it is composited over the main
1016 image.
1017
1018
1019 __-dither__
1020
1021
1022 apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the
1023 image
1024
1025
1026 The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
1027 resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
1028 intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images which
1029 suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be
1030 improved with this option.
1031
1032
1033 The __-colors__ or __-monochrome__ option is required
1034 for this option to take effect.
1035
1036
1037 Use __+dither__ to turn off dithering and to render
1038 Postscript without text or graphic aliasing.
1039
1040
1041 __-draw__ ''''
1042
1043
1044 annotate an image with one or more graphic
1045 primitives
1046
1047
1048 Use this option to annotate an image with one or more
1049 graphic primitives. The primitives include
1050
1051
1052 point x,y line x0,y0 x1,y1 rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
1053 roundRectangle x0,y0 w,h wc,hc arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1 ellipse
1054 x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1 circle x0,y0 x1,y1 polyline x0,y0 ...
1055 xn,yn polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn path
1056 path specification color x0,y0 method matte x0,y0 method
1057 text x0,y0 string image operator x0,y0 w,h
1058 filename
1059
1060
1061 __Point__ requires a single coordinate. __Line__
1062 requires a start and end coordinate, while __rectangle__
1063 expects an upper left and lower right coordinate.
2 perry 1064 __!RoundRectangle__ has a center coordinate, a width and
1 perry 1065 height, and the width and height of the corners.
1066 __Circle__ has a center coordinate and a coordinate for
1067 the outer edge. Use __Arc__ to circumscribe an arc within
1068 a rectangle. Arcs require a start and end point as well as
1069 the degree of rotation (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). Use
1070 __Ellipse__ to draw a partial ellipse centered at the
1071 given point with the x-axis and y-axis radius and start and
1072 end of arc in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360). Finally,
1073 __polyline__ and __polygon__ require three or more
1074 coordinates to define its boundaries. Coordinates are
1075 integers separated by an optional comma. For example, to
1076 define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150
1077 use:
1078
1079
1080 -draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
1081
1082
1083 See Paths. Paths represent an outline of an object which is
1084 defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto
1085 (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a curve using a cubic
1086 bezier), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath
1087 (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last
1088 moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with
1089 subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one
1090 or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow
1091 effects such as
1092
1093
1094 Use __color__ to change the color of a pixel to the fill
1095 color (see __-fill__. Follow the pixel coordinate with a
1096 method:
1097
1098
1099 point replace floodfill filltoborder reset
1100
1101
1102 Consider the target pixel as that specified by your
1103 coordinate. The __point__ method recolors the target
1104 pixel. The __replace__ method recolors any pixel that
1105 matches the color of the target pixel. __Floodfill__
1106 recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
1107 pixel and is a neighbor, whereas __filltoborder__
1108 recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color.
1109 Finally, __reset__ recolors all pixels.
1110
1111
1112 Use __matte__ to the change the pixel matte value to
1113 transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see
1114 the __color__ primitive for a description of methods).
1115 The __point__ method changes the matte value of the
1116 target pixel. The __replace__ method changes the matte
1117 value of any pixel that matches the color of the target
1118 pixel. __Floodfill__ changes the matte value of any pixel
1119 that matches the color of the target pixel and is a
1120 neighbor, whereas __filltoborder__ changes the matte
1121 value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color
1122 (__-bordercolor__). Finally __reset__ changes the
1123 matte value of all pixels.
1124
1125
1126 Use __text__ to annotate an image with text. Follow the
1127 text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded
1128 spaces, enclose it in double quotes. Optionally you can
1129 include the image filename, type, width, height, or other
1130 image attribute by embedding special format character. See
1131 __-comment__ for details.
1132
1133
1134 For example,
1135
1136
1137 -draw 'text 100,100
1138
1139
1140 annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
1141 titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is
1142 480.
1143
1144
1145 Use __image__ to composite an image with another image.
1146 Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image
1147 location, image size, and filename:
1148
1149
1150 -draw 'image Over 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
1151
1152
1153 See __-compose__ for a description of the composite
1154 operators.
1155
1156
1157 If the first character of ''string'' is ''@'', the
1158 text is read from a file titled by the remaining characters
1159 in the string.
1160
1161
1162 You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box
1163 color with __-fill__, __-font__, and __-box__
1164 respectively. Options are processed in command line order so
1165 be sure to use these options ''before'' the __-draw__
1166 option.
1167
1168
1169 __-edge__ ''''
1170
1171
1172 detect edges within an image
1173
1174
1175 __-emboss__
1176
1177
1178 emboss an image
1179
1180
1181 __-endian__ ''''
1182
1183
1184 specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of output image
1185
1186
1187 Use __+endian__ to revert to unspecified
1188 endianness.
1189
1190
1191 __-enhance__
1192
1193
1194 apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image
1195
1196
1197 __-equalize__
1198
1199
1200 perform histogram equalization to the image
1201
1202
1203 __-fill__ ''''
1204
1205
1206 color to use when filling a graphic primitive
1207
1208
1209 The color is specified using the format described in the
1210 X(1)''.
1211
1212
1213 See __-draw__ for further details.
1214
1215
1216 __-filter__ ''''
1217
1218
1219 use this type of filter when resizing an image
1220
1221
1222 Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image
1223 (see __-geometry__). Choose from these
1224 filters:
1225
1226
1227 Point Box Triangle Hermite Hanning Hamming Blackman Gaussian
1228 Quadratic Cubic Catrom Mitchell Lanczos Bessel
1229 Sinc
1230
1231
1232 The default filter is __Lanczos__
1233
1234
1235 __-flatten__
1236
1237
1238 flatten a sequence of images
1239
1240
1241 The sequence of images is replaced by a single image created
1242 by composing each image after the first over the first
1243 image.
1244
1245
1246 The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of
1247 any option. If the __-flatten__ option appears after all
1248 of the input images, all images are flattened.
1249
1250
1251 __-flip__
1252
1253
1254 create a
1255
1256
1257 reflect the scanlines in the vertical
1258 direction.
1259
1260
1261 __-flop__
1262
1263
1264 create a
1265
1266
1267 reflect the scanlines in the horizontal
1268 direction.
1269
1270
1271 __-font__ ''''
1272
1273
1274 use this font when annotating the image with
1275 text
1276
1277
1278 You can tag a font to specify whether it is a Postscript,
1279 Truetype, or OPTION1 font. For example, Arial.ttf is a
1280 Truetype font, ps:helvetica is Postscript, and x:fixed is
1281 OPTION1.
1282
1283
1284 __-foreground__ ''''
1285
1286
1287 define the foreground color
1288
1289
1290 The color is specified using the format described in the
1291 X(1)''.
1292
1293
1294 __-format__ ''''
1295
1296
1297 the image format type
1298
1299
1300 This option will convert any image to the image format you
2 perry 1301 specify. See ''!ImageMagick(1)'' for a list of image
1302 format types supported by __!ImageMagick__.
1 perry 1303
1304
1305 By default the file is written to its original name.
1306 However, if the filename extension matches a supported
1307 format, the extension is replaced with the image format type
1308 specified with __-format__. For example, if you specify
1309 ''tiff'' as the format type and the input image filename
1310 is ''image.gif'', the output image filename becomes
1311 ''image.tiff''.
1312
1313
1314 __-format__ ''''
1315
1316
1317 output formatted image characteristics
1318
1319
1320 Use this option to print information about the image in a
1321 format of your choosing. You can include the image filename,
1322 type, width, height, or other image attributes by embedding
1323 special format characters:
1324
1325
1326 %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention
1327 %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique
1328 colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output
1329 filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t
1330 top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x
1331 resolution %y y resolution %# signature n newline r carriage
1332 return
1333
1334
1335 For example,
1336
1337
1338 -format
1339
1340
1341 displays __MIFF:bird.miff 512x480__ for an image titled
1342 __bird.miff__ and whose width is 512 and height is
1343 480.
1344
1345
1346 If the first character of ''string'' is __@__, the
1347 format is read from a file titled by the remaining
1348 characters in the string.
1349
1350
1351 __-frame__ ''
1352 ''
1353
1354
1355 surround the image with an ornamental border
1356
1357
1358 See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry
1359 specification. The __-frame__ option is not affected by
1360 the __-gravity__ option.
1361
1362
1363 The color of the border is specified with the
1364 __-mattecolor__ command line option.
1365
1366
1367 __-frame__
1368
1369
1370 include the X window frame in the imported
1371 image
1372
1373
1374 __-fuzz__ ''''
1375
1376
1377 colors within this distance are considered
1378 equal
1379
1380
1381 A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default
1382 the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors
1383 that are close to the target color in RGB space. For
1384 example, if you want to automatically trim the edges of an
1385 image with __-trim__ but the image was scanned and the
1386 target background color may differ by a small amount. This
1387 option can account for these differences.
1388
1389
1390 The ''distance'' can be in absolute intensity units or,
1391 by appending '''', as a percentage of the
1392 maximum possible intensity (255 or 65535).
1393
1394
1395 __-gamma__ ''''
1396
1397
1398 level of gamma correction
1399
1400
1401 The same color image displayed on two different workstations
1402 may look different due to differences in the display
1403 monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color
1404 difference. Reasonable values extend from __0.8__ to
1405 __2.3__.
1406
1407
1408 You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and
1409 blue channels of the image with a gamma value list
1410 delineated with slashes (e.g.,
1411 __1.7__/__2.3__/__1.2__).
1412
1413
1414 Use __+gamma__ ''value'' to set the image gamma level
1415 without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is
1416 useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an
1417 image attribute (e.g. PNG images).
1418
1419
1420 __-gaussian__
1421 ''''
1422
1423
1424 blur the image with a gaussian operator
1425
1426
1427 Use the given radius and standard deviation
1428 (sigma).
1429
1430
1431 __-geometry__
1432 ''
1433 ''
1434
1435
1436 preferred size and location of the Image
1437 window.
1438
1439
1440 By default, the window size is the image size and the
1441 location is chosen by you when it is mapped.
1442
1443
1444 By default, the width and height are maximum values. That
1445 is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and
1446 height value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the
1447 image. ''Append an exclamation point to the geometry to
1448 force the image size to exactly the size you specify''.
1449 For example, if you specify 640x480! the image width is set
1450 to 640 pixels and height to 480.
1451
1452
1453 If only the width is specified, the width assumes the value
1454 and the height is chosen to maintain the aspect ratio of the
1455 image. Similarly, if only the height is specified (e.g.,
1456 -geometry x256), the width is chosen to maintain the aspect
1457 ratio.
1458
1459
1460 To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %.
1461 The image size is multiplied by the width and height
1462 percentages to obtain the final image dimensions. To
1463 increase the size of an image, use a value greater than 100
1464 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentage
1465 less than 100.
1466
1467
1468 Use @ to specify the maximum area in pixels of an
1469 image.
1470
1471
1472 Use only''
1473 if its width or height exceeds the geometry specification.
1474 ''only'' if both of its dimensions
1475 are less than the geometry specification. For example, if
1476 you specify '640x480
1477 ''
1478
1479
1480 When used with ''animate'' and ''display'', offsets
1481 are handled in the same manner as in ''X(1)'' and the
1482 __-gravity__ option is not used. If the ''x'' is
1483 negative, the offset is measured leftward from the right
1484 edge of the screen to the right edge of the image being
1485 displayed. Similarly, negative ''y'' is measured between
1486 the bottom edges. The offsets are not affected by
1487 ''
1488
1489
1490 When used as a ''composite'' option, __-geometry__
1491 gives the dimensions of the image and its location with
1492 respect to the composite image. If the __-gravity__
2 perry 1493 option is present with ''!NorthEast, East,'' or
1494 ''!SouthEast'' gravity, the ''x'' represents the
1 perry 1495 distance from the right edge of the image to the right edge
1496 of the composite image. Similarly, if the __-gravity__
2 perry 1497 option is present with ''!SouthWest, South,'' or
1498 ''!SouthEast'' gravity, ''y'' is measured between the
1 perry 1499 bottom edges. Accordingly, a positive offset will never
1500 point in the direction outside of the image. The offsets are
1501 not affected by
1502 ''
1503
1504
1505 When used as a ''convert'', ''import'' or
1506 ''mogrify'' option, __-geometry__ specifies the size
1507 of the output image. The offsets, if present, are
1508 ignored.
1509
1510
1511 When used as a ''montage'' option, __-geometry__
1512 specifies the image size and border size for each tile;
1513 default is 256x256+0+0. Negative offsets (border dimensions)
1514 are meaningless. The __-gravity__ option affects the
1515 placement of the image within the tile; the default gravity
1516 for this purpose is ''Center''. If the
1517 ''
1518
1519
1520 __-gravity__ ''''
1521
1522
1523 direction primitive gravitates to when annotating the
1524 image.
1525
1526
2 perry 1527 Choices are: !NorthWest, North, !NorthEast, West, Center,
1528 East, !SouthWest, South, !SouthEast.
1 perry 1529
1530
1531 The direction you choose specifies where to position the
1532 text or other graphic primitive when annotating the image.
1533 For example ''Center'' gravity forces the text to be
1534 centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is
2 perry 1535 ''!NorthWest''. See __-draw__ for more details about
1 perry 1536 graphic primitives.
1537
1538
1539 The __-gravity__ option is also used in concert with the
1540 __-geometry__ option and other options that take
1541 ____ as a parameter, such as the
1542 __-crop__ option. See __-geometry__ for details of how
1543 the __-gravity__ option interacts with the
1544 ____ and ____ parameters of a
1545 geometry specification.
1546
1547
1548 When used as an option to ''composite'', __-gravity__
1549 gives the direction that the image gravitates within the
1550 composite.
1551
1552
1553 When used as an option to ''montage'', __-gravity__
1554 gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile.
1555 The default gravity is ''Center'' for this
1556 purpose.
1557
1558
1559 __-help__
1560
1561
1562 print usage instructions
1563
1564
1565 __-iconGeometry__ ''''
1566
1567
1568 specify the icon geometry
1569
1570
1571 Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are
1572 handled in the same manner as the __-geometry__ option,
1573 using X11 style to handle negative offsets.
1574
1575
1576 __-iconic__
1577
1578
1579 iconic animation
1580
1581
1582 __-immutable__
1583
1584
1585 make image immutable
1586
1587
1588 __-implode__ ''''
1589
1590
1591 implode image pixels about the center
1592
1593
1594 __-intent__ ''''
1595
1596
1597 use this type of rendering intent when managing the image
1598 color
1599
1600
1601 Use this option to affect the the color management operation
1602 of an image (see __-profile__). Choose from these
1603 intents: __Absolute, Perceptual, Relative,
1604 Saturation__
1605
1606
1607 The default intent is undefined.
1608
1609
1610 __-interlace__ ''''
1611
1612
1613 the type of interlacing scheme
1614
1615
1616 Choices are: __None, Line, Plane,__ or __Partition__.
1617 The default is __None__.
1618
1619
1620 This option is used to specify the type of interlacing
1621 scheme for raw image formats such as __RGB__ or
1622 __YUV__.
1623
1624
1625 __None__ means do not interlace
1626 (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),
1627
1628
1629 __Line__ uses scanline interlacing
1630 (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and
1631
1632
1633 __Plane__ uses plane interlacing
1634 (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).
1635
1636
1637 __Partition__ is like plane except the different planes
1638 are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and
1639 image.B).
1640
1641
1642 Use __Line__ or __Plane__ to create an __interlaced
1643 PNG__ or __GIF__ or __progressive JPEG__
1644 image.
1645
1646
1647 __-label__ ''''
1648
1649
1650 assign a label to an image
1651
1652
1653 Use this option to assign a specific label to the image.
1654 Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width,
1655 height, or other image attribute by embedding special format
1656 character. See __-comment__ for details.
1657
1658
1659 For example,
1660
1661
1662 -label
1663
1664
1665 produces an image label of __MIFF:bird.miff 512x480__ for
1666 an image titled __bird.miff__ and whose width is 512 and
1667 height is 480.
1668
1669
1670 If the first character of ''string'' is ''@'', the
1671 image label is read from a file titled by the remaining
1672 characters in the string.
1673
1674
2 perry 1675 When converting to ''!PostScript'', use this option to
1 perry 1676 specify a header string to print above the image. Specify
1677 the label font with __-font__.
1678
1679
1680 __-level__ ''''
1681
1682
1683 adjust the level of image contrast
1684
1685
1686 Give three point values delineated with commas: black, mid,
1687 and white (e.g. 10,1.0,65000). The white and black points
1688 range from 0 to MaxRGB and mid ranges from 0 to
1689 10.
1690
1691
1692 __-linewidth__
1693
1694
1695 the line width for subsequent draw operations
1696
1697
1698 __-list__ ''''
1699
1700
1701 the type of list
1702
1703
1704 Choices are: __Delegate__, __Format__, __Magic__,
1705 __Module__, or __Type__.
1706
1707
2 perry 1708 This option lists entries from the !ImageMagick configuration
1 perry 1709 files.
1710
1711
1712 __-loop__ ''''
1713
1714
1715 add Netscape loop extension to your GIF
1716 animation
1717
1718
1719 A value other than zero forces the animation to repeat
1720 itself up to ''iterations'' times.
1721
1722
1723 __-magnify__ ''''
1724
1725
1726 magnify the image
1727
1728
1729 __-map__ ''''
1730
1731
1732 choose a particular set of colors from this
1733 image
1734
1735
1736 [[''convert'' or ''mogrify'']
1737
1738
1739 By default, color reduction chooses an optimal set of colors
1740 that best represent the original image. Alternatively, you
1741 can choose a particular set of colors from an image file
1742 with this option.
1743
1744
1745 Use __+map__ to reduce all images in the image sequence
1746 that follows to a single optimal set of colors that best
1747 represent all the images. The sequence of images is
1748 terminated by the appearance of any option. If the
1749 __+map__ option appears after all of the input images,
1750 all images are mapped.
1751
1752
1753 __-map__ ''''
1754
1755
1756 display image using this type.
1757
1758
1759 [[''animate'' or ''display'']
1760
1761
1762 Choose from these ''Standard Colormap''
1763 types:
1764
1765
1766 best default gray red green blue
1767
1768
1769 The ''X server'' must support the ''Standard
1770 Colormap'' you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use
1771 __list__ as the type and __display__ searches the list
1772 of colormap types in __top-to-bottom__ order until one is
1773 located. See ''xstdcmap(1)'' for one way of creating
1774 Standard Colormaps.
1775
1776
1777 __-mask__ ''''
1778
1779
1780 Specify a clipping mask
1781
1782
1783 The image read from the file is used as a clipping mask. It
1784 must have the same dimensions as the image being
1785 masked.
1786
1787
1788 If the mask image contains an opacity channel, the opacity
1789 of each pixel is used to define the mask. Otherwise, the
1790 intensity (gray level) of each pixel is used.
1791
1792
1793 Use __+mask__ to remove the clipping mask.
1794
1795
1796 It is not necessary to use __-clip__ to activate the
1797 mask; __-clip__ is implied by __-mask__.
1798
1799
1800 __-matte__
1801
1802
1803 store matte channel if the image has one
1804
1805
1806 If the image does not have a matte channel, create an opaque
1807 one.
1808
1809
1810 Use __+matte__ to ignore the matte channel and to avoid
1811 writing a matte channel in the output file.
1812
1813
1814 __-mattecolor__ ''''
1815
1816
1817 specify the matte color
1818
1819
1820 The color is specified using the format described in the
1821 X(1)''.
1822
1823
1824 __-median__ ''''
1825
1826
1827 apply a median filter to the image
1828
1829
1830 __-mode__ ''''
1831
1832
1833 mode of operation
1834
1835
1836 __-modulate__ ''''
1837
1838
1839 vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an
1840 image
1841
1842
1843 Specify the percent change in brightness, the color
1844 saturation, and the hue separated by commas. For example, to
1845 increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
1846 saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use:
1847 __-modulate 120,90__.
1848
1849
1850 __-monochrome__
1851
1852
1853 transform the image to black and white
1854
1855
1856 __-morph__ ''''
1857
1858
1859 morphs an image sequence
1860
1861
1862 Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to
1863 give the appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to
1864 the next.
1865
1866
1867 The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of
1868 any option. If the __-morph__ option appears after all of
1869 the input images, all images are morphed.
1870
1871
1872 __-mosaic__
1873
1874
1875 create a mosaic from an image sequence
1876
1877
1878 The __-page__ option is used to locate the images within
1879 the mosaic.
1880
1881
1882 The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of
1883 any option. If the __-mosaic__ option appears after all
1884 of the input images, all images are included in the
1885 mosaic.
1886
1887
1888 __-name__
1889
1890
1891 name an image
1892
1893
1894 __-negate__
1895
1896
1897 replace every pixel with its complementary
1898 color
1899
1900
1901 The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are
1902 negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use
1903 __+negate__ to only negate the grayscale pixels of the
1904 image.
1905
1906
1907 __-noise__ ''''
1908
1909
1910 add or reduce noise in an image
1911
1912
1913 The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is
1914 to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge
1915 information and without creating undesired structures. The
1916 central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its
1917 next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel
1918 has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if
1919 and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the
1920 pixel window.
1921
1922
1923 Use __radius__ to specify the width of the
1924 neighborhood.
1925
1926
1927 Use __+noise__ followed by a noise type to add noise to
1928 an image. Choose from these noise types:
1929
1930
1931 Uniform Gaussian Multiplicative Impulse Laplacian
1932 Poisson
1933
1934
1935 __-noop__
1936
1937
1938 NOOP (no option)
1939
1940
1941 The __-noop__ option can be used to terminate a group of
1942 images and reset all options to their default values, when
1943 no other option is desired.
1944
1945
1946 __-normalize__
1947
1948
1949 transform image to span the full range of color
1950 values
1951
1952
1953 This is a contrast enhancement technique.
1954
1955
1956 __-opaque__ ''''
1957
1958
1959 change this color to the pen color within the
1960 image
1961
1962
1963 The color is specified using the format described in the
1964 X(1)''.
1965
1966
1967 See __-fill__ for more details.
1968
1969
1970 __-page__
1971 ''''
1972
1973
1974 size and location of an image canvas
1975
1976
1977 Use this option to specify the dimensions of the
2 perry 1978 ''!PostScript'' page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in
1 perry 1979 pixels. The choices for a Postscript page are:
1980
1981
1982 11x17 792 1224 Ledger 1224 792 Legal 612 1008 Letter 612 792
2 perry 1983 !LetterSmall 612 792 ArchE 2592 3456 ArchD 1728 2592 ArchC
1 perry 1984 1296 1728 ArchB 864 1296 ArchA 648 864 A0 2380 3368 A1 1684
1985 2380 A2 1190 1684 A3 842 1190 A4 595 842 A4Small 595 842 A5
1986 421 595 A6 297 421 A7 210 297 A8 148 210 A9 105 148 A10 74
1987 105 B0 2836 4008 B1 2004 2836 B2 1418 2004 B3 1002 1418 B4
1988 709 1002 B5 501 709 C0 2600 3677 C1 1837 2600 C2 1298 1837
1989 C3 918 1298 C4 649 918 C5 459 649 C6 323 459 Flsa 612 936
2 perry 1990 Flse 612 936 !HalfLetter 396 612
1 perry 1991
1992
1993 For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g.
1994 A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, __-page__ behaves much like
1995 __-geometry__ (e.g. -page letter+43+43__
1996
1997
1998 To position a GIF image, use
1999 __-page__''{+-}'' (e.g. -page
2000 +100+200).
2001
2002
2003 For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in
2004 __-geometry__ and positioned relative to the lower left
2005 hand corner of the page by
2006 {+-}__x__''offset''''y__
2007 ''offset''. Use -page 612x792
2008 ''-page__ option is
2 perry 2009 ''!NorthWest'', i.e., positive __x__ and __y__
1 perry 2010 ''offset'' are measured rightward and downward from the
2011 top left corner of the page, unless the __-gravity__
2012 option is present with a value other than
2 perry 2013 ''!NorthWest''.
1 perry 2014
2015
2016 The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is
2017 612x792.
2018
2019
2020 This option is used in concert with
2021 __-density__.
2022
2023
2024 __-paint__ ''''
2025
2026
2027 simulate an oil painting
2028
2029
2030 Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a
2031 circular neighborhood whose width is specified with
2032 ''radius''.
2033
2034
2035 __-pause__ ''''
2036
2037
2038 pause between animation loops [[animate]
2039
2040
2041 Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating
2042 the animation.
2043
2044
2045 __-pause__ ''''
2046
2047
2048 pause between snapshots [[import]
2049
2050
2051 Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the
2052 next snapshot.
2053
2054
2055 __-pen__ ''''
2056
2057
2058 specify the pen color for drawing operations
2059
2060
2061 The color is specified using the format described in the
2062 X(1)''.
2063
2064
2065 __-ping__
2066
2067
2068 efficiently determine image characteristics
2069
2070
2071 __-pointsize__ ''''
2072
2073
2 perry 2074 pointsize of the Postscript, OPTION1, or !TrueType
1 perry 2075 font
2076
2077
2078 __-preview__ ''''
2079
2080
2081 image preview type
2082
2083
2084 Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image
2085 (e.g. convert -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png). Choose from
2086 these previews:
2087
2088
2089 Rotate Shear Roll Hue Saturation Brightness Gamma Spiff Dull
2 perry 2090 Grayscale Quantize Despeckle !ReduceNoise Add Noise Sharpen
2091 Blur Threshold !EdgeDetect Spread Shade Raise Segment
2092 Solarize Swirl Implode Wave !OilPaint !CharcoalDrawing
1 perry 2093 JPEG
2094
2095
2096 The default preview is __JPEG__.
2097
2098
2099 __-process__ ''''
2100
2101
2102 process a sequence of images
2103
2104
2105 The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of
2106 any option. If the __-process__ option appears after all
2107 of the input images, all images are processed.
2108
2109
2110 __-profile__ ''''
2111
2112
2113 add ICM, IPTC, or generic profile to image
2114
2115
2116 -profile filename adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC
2117 (newswire information), or a generic profile to the
2118 image.
2119
2120
2121 Use +profile icm, +profile iptc, or +profile profile_name to
2122 remove the respective profile. Use identify -verbose to find
2123 out what profiles are in the image file. Use +profile
2124
2125
2126 __-quality__ ''''
2127
2128
2129 JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level
2130
2131
2132 For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (lowest image
2133 quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but
2134 least effective compression). The default quality is 75. Use
2135 the __-sampling_factor__ option to specify the factors
2136 for chroma downsampling.
2137
2138
2139 For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib
2140 compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest
2141 compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on
2142 the image appearance, since the compression is always
2143 lossless.
2144
2145
2146 For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets
2147 the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type
2148 (quality % 10). Compression levels range from 0 (fastest
2149 compression) to 100 (best but slowest). For compression
2150 level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest
2151 but not necessarily the worst compression.
2152
2153
2154 If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is
2155 used for all scanlines:
2156
2157
2158 0: none 1: sub 2: up 3: average 4: Paeth
2159
2160
2161 If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality
2162 is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map,
2163 otherwise no filtering is used.
2164
2165
2166 If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with
2167 ''minimum-sum-of-absolute-values'' is used.
2168
2169
2170 Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO
2171 color transformation and adaptive filtering with
2172 ''minimum-sum-of-absolute-values'' are used.
2173
2174
2175 The default is quality is 75, which means nearly the best
2176 compression with adaptive filtering. The quality setting has
2177 no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the
2178 compression is always lossless.
2179
2180
2181 For further information, see the PNG
2182 specification.
2183
2184
2185 __-raise__
2186 ''''
2187
2188
2189 lighten or darken image edges
2190
2191
2192 This will create a 3-D effect. See __-geometry__ for
2193 details details about the geometry specification. Offsets
2194 are not used.
2195
2196
2197 Use __-raise__ to create a raised effect, otherwise use
2198 __+raise__.
2199
2200
2201 __-region__
2202 ''''
2203
2204
2205 apply options to a portion of the image
2206
2207
2208 The ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are treated in the same
2209 manner as in __-crop__.
2210
2211
2212 __-remote__
2213
2214
2215 perform a remote operation
2216
2217
2218 The only command recognized at this time is the name of an
2219 image file to load.
2220
2221
2222 __-resize__
2223 ''''
2224
2225
2226 resize and locate an image
2227
2228
2229 This is an alias for the __-geometry__ option and it
2230 behaves in the same manner. If the __-filter__ option
2231 precedes the __-resize__ option, the specified filter is
2232 used.
2233
2234
2235 There are some exceptions:
2236
2237
2238 When used as a ''composite'' option, __-resize__
2239 conveys the preferred size and location of the output image,
2240 while __-geometry__ conveys the size and placement of the
2241 ''composite image'' within the main image.
2242
2243
2244 When used as a ''montage'' option, __-resize__ conveys
2245 the preferred size and location of the montage, while
2246 __-geometry__ conveys information about the
2247 tiles.
2248
2249
2250 __-roll__ ''{+-}''
2251
2252
2253 roll an image vertically or horizontally
2254
2255
2256 See __-geometry__ for details the geometry specification.
2257 The ''x'' and ''y'' offsets are not affected by the
2258 __-gravity__ option.
2259
2260
2261 A negative ''x'' offset rolls the image left-to-right. A
2262 negative ''y'' offset rolls the image
2263 top-to-bottom.
2264
2265
2266 __-rotate__
2267 ''''
2268
2269
2270 apply Paeth image rotation to the image
2271
2272
2273 Use
2274 only'' if its width is
2275 less than the height. For example, if you specify -rotate
2276 ''
2277
2278
2279 Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled
2280 with the color defined as __background__ (class
2281 __backgroundColor__). See ''X(1)'' for
2282 details.
2283
2284
2285 __-sample__ ''''
2286
2287
2288 scale image with pixel sampling
2289
2290
2291 See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry
2292 specification. __-sample__ ignores the __-filter__
2293 selection if the __-filter__ option is present. Offsets,
2294 if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the
2295 __-gravity__ option has no effect.
2296
2297
2298 __-sampling_factor__
2299 ''''
2300
2301
2302 sampling factors used by JPEG encoder.
2303
2304
2305 This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the
2306 JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is
2307 omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default
2308 values.
2309
2310
2311 __-scale__ ''''
2312
2313
2314 scale the image.
2315
2316
2317 See __-geometry__ for details about the geometry
2318 specification. __-scale__ uses a simpler, faster
2319 algorithm, and it ignores the __-filter__ selection if
2320 the __-filter__ option is present. Offsets, if present in
2321 the geometry string, are ignored, and the __-gravity__
2322 option has no effect.
2323
2324
2325 __-scene__ ''''
2326
2327
2328 set scene number
2329
2330
2331 This option sets the scene number of an image or the first
2332 image in an image sequence.
2333
2334
2335 __-scenes__ ''''
2336
2337
2338 range of image scene numbers to read
2339
2340
2341 Each image in the range is read with the filename followed
2342 by a period (__.__) and the decimal scene number. You can
2343 change this behavior by embedding a __%d, %0Nd, %o, %0No,
2344 %x, or %0Nx printf__ format specification in the file
2345 name. For example,
2346
2347
2348 montage -scenes 5-7 image.miff
2349
2350
2351 makes a montage of files image.miff.5, image.miff.6, and
2352 image.miff.7, and
2353
2354
2355 animate -scenes 0-12 image%02d.miff
2356
2357
2358 animates files image00.miff, image01.miff, through
2359 image12.miff.
2360
2361
2362 __-screen__
2363
2364
2365 specify the screen to capture
2366
2367
2 perry 2368 This option indicates that the !GetImage request used to
1 perry 2369 obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather
2370 than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can
2371 obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified
2372 window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other
2373 popups that are independent windows but appear over the
2374 specified window.
2375
2376
2377 __-seed__ ''''
2378
2379
2380 pseudo-random number generator seed value
2381
2382
2383 __-segment__ ''
2384 ''
2385
2386
2387 segment an image
2388
2389
2390 Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color
2391 components and identifying units that are homogeneous with
2392 the fuzzy c-means technique.
2393
2394
2395 Specify ''cluster threshold'' as the number of pixels in
2396 each cluster must exceed the the cluster threshold to be
2397 considered valid. ''Smoothing threshold'' eliminates
2398 noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the
2399 value is increased, you can expect a smoother second
2400 derivative. The default is 1.5. See
2401 ''
2402
2403
2404 __-shade__
2405 ''''
2406
2407
2408 shade the image using a distant light source
2409
2410
2411 Specify ''azimuth'' and ''elevation'' as the position
2412 of the light source. Use __+shade__ to return the shading
2413 results as a grayscale image.
2414
2415
2416 __-shadow__
2417 ''''
2418
2419
2420 shadow the montage
2421
2422
2423 __-shared_memory__
2424
2425
2426 use shared memory
2427
2428
2429 This option specifies whether the utility should attempt use
2 perry 2430 shared memory for pixmaps. !ImageMagick must be compiled with
1 perry 2431 shared memory support, and the display must support the
2432 ''MIT-SHM'' extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored.
2433 The default is __True__.
2434
2435
2436 __-sharpen__
2437 ''''
2438
2439
2440 sharpen the image
2441
2442
2443 Use a gaussian operator of the given radius and standard
2444 deviation (sigma).
2445
2446
2447 __-shave__
2448 ''''
2449
2450
2451 shave pixels from the image edges
2452
2453
2454 Specify the width of the region to be removed from both
2455 sides of the image and the height of the regions to be
2456 removed from top and bottom.
2457
2458
2459 __-shear__ ''
2460 ''
2461
2462
2463 shear the image along the X or Y axis
2464
2465
2466 Use the specified positive or negative shear
2467 angle.
2468
2469
2470 Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y axis,
2471 creating a parallelogram. An X direction shear slides an
2472 edge along the X axis, while a Y direction shear slides an
2473 edge along the Y axis. The amount of the shear is controlled
2474 by a shear angle. For X direction shears, ''x degrees''
2475 is measured relative to the Y axis, and similarly, for Y
2476 direction shears ''y degrees'' is measured relative to
2477 the X axis.
2478
2479
2480 Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled
2481 with the color defined as __background__ (class
2482 __backgroundColor__). See ''X(1)'' for
2483 details.
2484
2485
2486 __-silent__
2487
2488
2489 operate silently
2490
2491
2492 __-size__
2493 ''''
2494
2495
2496 width and height of the image
2497
2498
2499 Use this option to specify the width and height of raw
2500 images whose dimensions are unknown such as __GRAY__,
2501 __RGB__, or __CMYK__. In addition to width and height,
2502 use __-size__ with an offset to skip any header
2503 information in the image or tell the number of colors in a
2504 __MAP__ image file, (e.g. -size
2505 640x512+256).
2506
2507
2508 For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:
2509
2510
2511 192x128 384x256 768x512 1536x1024 3072x2048
2512
2513
2514 Finally, use this option to choose a particular resolution
2515 layer of a JBIG or JPEG image (e.g. -size
2516 1024x768).
2517
2518
2519 __-snaps__ ''''
2520
2521
2522 number of screen snapshots
2523
2524
2525 Use this option to grab more than one image from the X
2526 server screen, to create an animation sequence.
2527
2528
2529 __-solarize__ ''''
2530
2531
2532 negate all pixels above the threshold level
2533
2534
2535 Specify ''factor'' as the percent threshold of the
2536 intensity (0 - 99.9%).
2537
2538
2539 This option produces a ''solarization'' effect seen when
2540 exposing a photographic film to light during the development
2541 process.
2542
2543
2544 __-spread__ ''''
2545
2546
2547 displace image pixels by a random amount
2548
2549
2550 ''Amount'' defines the size of the neighborhood around
2551 each pixel to choose a candidate pixel to swap.
2552
2553
2554 __-stegano__ ''''
2555
2556
2557 hide watermark within an image
2558
2559
2560 Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of
2561 pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and
2562 the image size. You will need this information to recover
2563 the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35
2564 stegano:image.png).
2565
2566
2567 __-stereo__
2568
2569
2570 composite two images to create a stereo
2571 anaglyph
2572
2573
2574 The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel
2575 of the output image. The right side is saved as the green
2576 channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly
2577 view the stereo image.
2578
2579
2580 __-stroke__ ''''
2581
2582
2583 color to use when stroking a graphic primitive
2584
2585
2586 The color is specified using the format described in the
2587 X(1)''.
2588
2589
2590 See __-draw__ for further details.
2591
2592
2593 __-strokewidth__ ''''
2594
2595
2596 set the stroke width
2597
2598
2599 See __-draw__ for further details.
2600
2601
2602 __-swirl__ ''''
2603
2604
2605 swirl image pixels about the center
2606
2607
2608 ''Degrees'' defines the tightness of the
2609 swirl.
2610
2611
2612 __-text_font__ ''''
2613
2614
2615 font for writing fixed-width text
2616
2617
2618 Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed
2619 (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point
2620 ''Courier''.
2621
2622
2623 You can tag a font to specify whether it is a Postscript,
2624 Truetype, or OPTION1 font. For example, Courier.ttf is a
2625 Truetype font and x:fixed is OPTION1.
2626
2627
2628 __-texture__ ''''
2629
2630
2631 name of texture to tile onto the image
2632 background
2633
2634
2635 __-threshold__ ''''
2636
2637
2638 threshold the image
2639
2640
2641 Create a bi-level image such that any pixel intensity that
2642 is equal or exceeds the threshold is reassigned the maximum
2643 intensity otherwise the minimum intensity.
2644
2645
2646 __-tile__ ''''
2647
2648
2649 tile image when filling a graphic primitive
2650
2651
2652 __-tile__ ''''
2653
2654
2655 layout of images [[''montage'']
2656
2657
2658 __-title__ ''''
2659
2660
2661 assign title to displayed image [[''animate, display,
2662 montage'']
2663
2664
2665 Use this option to assign a specific title to the image.
2666 This is assigned to the image window and is typically
2667 displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can
2668 include the image filename, type, width, height, or other
2669 image attribute by embedding special format
2670 characters:
2671
2672
2673 %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention
2674 %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique
2675 colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output
2676 filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t
2677 top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x
2678 resolution %y y resolution %# signature n newline r carriage
2679 return
2680
2681
2682 For example,
2683
2684
2685 -title
2686
2687
2688 produces an image title of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an
2689 image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is
2690 480.
2691
2692
2693 __-transparent__ ''''
2694
2695
2696 make this color transparent within the image
2697
2698
2699 The color is specified using the format described in the
2700 X(1)''.
2701
2702
2703 __-treedepth__ ''''
2704
2705
2706 tree depth for the color reduction algorithm
2707
2708
2709 Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one
2710 tells display to choose an optimal tree depth for the color
2711 reduction algorithm
2712
2713
2714 An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of
2715 the source image with the fastest computational speed and
2716 the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is
2717 inappropriate for some images. To assure the best
2718 representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this
2719 parameter. Refer to quantize for more details.
2720
2721
2722 The __-colors__ or __-monochrome__ option is required
2723 for this option to take effect.
2724
2725
2726 __-trim__
2727
2728
2729 trim an image
2730
2731
2732 This option removes any edges that are exactly the same
2733 color as the corner pixels. Use __-fuzz__ to make
2734 __-trim__ remove edges that are nearly the same color as
2735 the corner pixels.
2736
2737
2738 __-type__ ''''
2739
2740
2741 the image type
2742
2743
2744 Choose from: __Bilevel__, __Grayscale__,
2 perry 2745 __Palette__, __!PaletteMatte__, __!TrueColor__,
2746 __!TrueColorMatte__, __!ColorSeparation__,
2747 __!ColorSeparationMatte__, or
1 perry 2748 __Optimize__.
2749
2750
2751 Normally, when a format supports different subformats such
2752 as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose
2753 an efficient subformat. The __-type__ option can be used
2754 to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG
2755 from being written in grayscale format even though only gray
2756 pixels are present, use
2757
2758
2 perry 2759 convert bird.pgm -type !TrueColor bird.jpg
1 perry 2760
2761
2 perry 2762 Similarly, using -type !TrueColorMatte will force the encoder
1 perry 2763 to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque,
2764 if the output format supports transparency.
2765
2766
2767 __-update__ ''''
2768
2769
2770 detect when image file is modified and
2771 redisplay.
2772
2773
2774 Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that
2775 is currently displayed is over-written. __display__ will
2776 automatically detect that the input file has been changed
2777 and update the displayed image accordingly.
2778
2779
2780 __-units__ ''''
2781
2782
2783 the type of image resolution
2784
2785
2 perry 2786 Choose from: __Undefined__, __!PixelsPerInch__, or
2787 __!PixelsPerCentimeter__.
1 perry 2788
2789
2790 __-unsharp__
2791 ''''
2792
2793
2794 sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator
2795
2796
2797 Use the given radius and standard deviation
2798 (sigma).
2799
2800
2801 __-use_pixmap__
2802
2803
2804 use the pixmap
2805
2806
2807 __-verbose__
2808
2809
2810 print detailed information about the image
2811
2812
2813 This information is printed: image scene number; image name;
2 perry 2814 image size; the image class (''!DirectClass'' or
2815 ''!PseudoClass''); the total number of unique colors; and
1 perry 2816 the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer
2817 to miff for a description of the image class.
2818
2819
2820 If __-colors__ is also specified, the total unique colors
2821 in the image and color reduction error values are printed.
2822 Refer to quantize for a description of these
2823 values.
2824
2825
2826 __-view__ ''''
2827
2828
2 perry 2829 !FlashPix viewing parameters
1 perry 2830
2831
2832 __-visual__ ''''
2833
2834
2835 animate images using this X visual type
2836
2837
2838 Choose from these visual classes:
2839
2840
2 perry 2841 !StaticGray !GrayScale !StaticColor !PseudoColor !TrueColor
2842 !DirectColor default visual id
1 perry 2843
2844
2845 The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise
2846 an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual
2847 class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the
2848 default screen is chosen.
2849
2850
2851 __-watermark__
2852 ''''
2853
2854
2855 percent brightness and saturation of a
2856 watermark
2857
2858
2859 __-wave__
2860 ''''
2861
2862
2863 alter an image along a sine wave
2864
2865
2866 Specify ''amplitude'' and ''wavelength'' of the
2867 wave.
2868
2869
2870 __-window__ ''''
2871
2872
2873 make image the background of a window
2874
2875
2876 ''id'' can be a window id or name. Specify __root__ to
2877 select X's root window as the target window.
2878
2879
2880 By default the image is tiled onto the background of the
2881 target window. If __backdrop__ or __-geometry__ are
2882 specified, the image is surrounded by the background color.
2883 Refer to __X RESOURCES__ for details.
2884
2885
2886 The image will not display on the root window if the image
2887 has more unique colors than the target window colormap
2888 allows. Use __-colors__ to reduce the number of
2889 colors.
2890
2891
2892 __-window_group__
2893
2894
2895 specify the window group
2896
2897
2898 __-write__ ''''
2899
2900
2901 write an image sequence [[''convert,
2902 composite'']
2903
2904
2905 The image sequence following the __-write__
2906 ''filename''option is written out, and then processing
2907 continues with the same image in its current state if there
2908 are additional options. To restore the image to its original
2909 state after writing it, use the __+write__
2910 ''filename'' option.
2911
2912
2913 __-write__ ''''
2914
2915
2916 write the image to a file [[''display'']
2917
2918
2919 If ''filename'' already exists, you will be prompted as
2920 to whether it should be overwritten.
2921
2922
2923 By default, the image is written in the format that it was
2924 read in as. To specify a particular image format, prefix
2925 ''filename'' with the image type and a colon (e.g.,
2926 ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix
2927 (e.g., image.ps). See convert(1) for a list of valid image
2928 formats. Specify file as - for standard output. If file has
2929 the extension __.Z__ or __gzip__ respectively. Precede
2930 the image file name with | to pipe to a system
2931 command.
2932
2933
2934 Use __-compress__ to specify the type of image
2935 compression.
2936
2937
2938 The equivalent X resource for this option is
2 perry 2939 __writeFilename__ (class __!WriteFilename__). See
1 perry 2940 __
2941 !!FILES AND FORMATS
2942
2943
2944 By default, the image format is determined by its magic
2945 number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a
2946 particular image format, precede the filename with an image
2947 format name and a colon (''i.e.''__ps:image__) or
2948 specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic
2949 number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the
2950 prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix
2951 in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the
2952 filename suffix in output files. To read the
2953 __@__).
2954
2955
2956 When you specify __X__ as your image type, the filename
2957 has special meaning. It specifies an X window by __id,
2958 name__, or __root__. If no filename is specified, the
2959 window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired
2960 window.
2961
2962
2963 Specify ''input_file'' as __-__ for standard input,
2964 ''output_file'' as __-__ for standard output. If
2965 ''input_file'' has the extension respectively. If
2966 ''output_file'' has the extension __.Z__ or the file
2967 is compressed using with ''compress'' or ''gzip''
2968 respectively.
2969
2970
2971 Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede
2972 the image file name with __|__ to pipe to or from a
2973 system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32
2974 and Macintosh platforms).
2975
2976
2977 Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input
2978 file name to specify a desired subimage of a
2979 multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g.
2980 img0001.pcd[[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g.
2981 video.mpg[[50-75]). A subimage specification can be disjoint
2982 (e.g. image.tiff[[2,7,4]). For raw images, specify a subimage
2983 with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512
2984 image.rgb[[320x256+50+50]). Single images are written with
2985 the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g.,
2 perry 2986 a multi-page !PostScript document with __+adjoin__
1 perry 2987 specified) are written with the filename followed by a
2988 period (__.__) and the scene number. You can change this
2989 behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx
2990 ''printf'' format specification in the file name. For
2991 example,
2992
2993
2994 image%02d.miff
2995
2996
2997 writes files ''image00.miff, image01.miff,''
2998 etc.
2999
3000
3001 When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at
3002 sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from
3003 that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many
3004 image filenames to fit on the command line.
3005 !!ENVIRONMENT
3006
3007
3008 __DISPLAY__
3009
3010
3011 To get the default host, display number, and
3012 screen.
3013 !!SEE ALSO
3014
3015
3016 animate(1), display(1), animate(1), display(1), identify(1),
3017 import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), composite(1)
3018 !!COPYRIGHT
3019
3020
2 perry 3021 __Copyright (C) 2002 !ImageMagick Studio__
1 perry 3022
3023
3024 __Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
3025 person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
3026 documentation files (
3027 __
3028
3029
3030 __The above copyright notice and this permission notice
3031 shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of
2 perry 3032 !ImageMagick.__
1 perry 3033
3034
3035 __The software is provided
3036 __
3037
3038
3039 __Except as contained in this notice, the name of the
2 perry 3040 !ImageMagick Studio LLC shall not be used in advertising or
1 perry 3041 otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in
2 perry 3042 !ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the
3043 !ImageMagick Studio.__
1 perry 3044 !!AUTHORS
3045
3046
2 perry 3047 ''John Cristy, !ImageMagick Studio LLC, Glenn
3048 Randers-Pehrson, !ImageMagick Studio LLC.''
1 perry 3049 ----
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