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Newer page: | version 3 | Last edited on Friday, October 29, 2004 4:29:10 am | by StuartYeates | |
Older page: | version 2 | Last edited on Friday, June 7, 2002 1:07:42 am | by perry | Revert |
@@ -1,2741 +1 @@
-Token-Ring mini-HOWTO
-!!!Token-Ring mini-HOWTO
-!Mike Phillips
-
- mikep@linuxtr.net
-
-
-
-!Tom Gall
-
- tom_gall@vnet.ibm.com
-
-
-
-!Mike Eckhoff
-__Revision History__Revision 5.002002-01-23Revised by: mlpUpdated to reflect the current state of Token Ring with !LinuxRevision 4.329 March 2000Revised by: tgBrought up to date.Revision 4.17 January 1998Revised by: mev4.1 released by Mike
-
-
-
-
-
- This howto is designed to help you get up and running using a Token
-Ring adaptor to access the network. Generally speaking Section 3
-will tell you which driver you need based on the adaptor card you
-have.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----; __Table of Contents__; 1. Introduction: ; 1.1. Special Thanks; 1.2. Copyright Information; 1.3. Disclaimer; 1.4. New Versions; 1.5. Credits; 1.6. Feedback; 2. Hardware requirements; 3. Which driver should I use?: ; 3.1. Drivers/Adapter Specifics; 4. Known problems; 5. VMWare and Token Ring; 6. Commonly asked Questions; A. GNU Free Documentation License: ; A.1. . PREAMBLE; A.2. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS; A.3. 2. VERBATIM COPYING; A.4. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY; A.5. 4. MODIFICATIONS; A.6. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS; A.7. 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS; A.8. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS; A.9. 8. TRANSLATION; A.10. 9. TERMINATION; A.11. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE----
-!!!1. Introduction
-
- Welcome to the Linux Token Ring mini-howto. We hope you find the information
-contained within helpful.
-
-
-
-
- If you have any problems with the drivers that are not talked about in
-this howto, feel free to email me at `mikep@linuxtrnetb.
-
-
-
-
- You may also wish to join the Linux on Token Ring Listserv
-by mailing `majordomo@linuxtr.netb with the body containing:
-
-subscribe linux-tr
-The latest and greatest information, drivers, patches, bug fixes, etc, etc
-can always be found at the Linux Token Project site.
-
-
-----
-!!1.1. Special Thanks
-
- Thanks to Mark Swanson, Peter De Schrijver, David Morris, Paul Norton
-and everyone else who has contributed to the Token Ring code
-and drivers over the years.
-
-
-
-
- Thanks also to the many people and companies who have provided
-hardware and technical documents to enable the drivers to be
-written in the first place.
-
-
-
-
- Special Thanks to Mike Eckhoff the originator of this HOWTO, and Tom Gall
-for the previous version, and to Matthew Marsh for hosting
-the website and mailing list!
-
-
-
-
- And, finally, thanks to all to subscribers to the linux-tr mailing list who
-have provided support, feedback, testing and thanks over the years. It
-wouldn't have been worth it without your continued support and gratitude.
-
-
-----
-!!1.2. Copyright Information
-
- This documument is copyright (c) 1995-1998 by Michael Eckhoff,
-copyright(c) 2000 by Tom Gall and copyright (c) 2001 by Mike
-Phillips.
-
-
-
-
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
-Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
-Foundation, with no Invariant sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
-and with no Back-Cover Texts.
-
-
-
-
- A copy of the license is included in
-Appendix A
-
-
-
-
- If you have any question, please contact
-`linux-howto@linuxdoc.orgb
-
-
-----
-!!1.3. Disclaimer
-
- No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted.
-Use the concepts, examples and other content at your own risk.
-As this is a new edition of this document, there may be errors
-and inaccuracies, that may of course be damaging to your system.
-Proceed with caution, and although this is highly unlikely,
-the authors do not take any responsibility for that.
-
-
-
-
- All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless
-specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document
-should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark
-or service mark.
-
-
-
-
- Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
-endorsements.
-
-
-
-
- You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system
-before major installation and backups at regular intervals.
-
-
-----
-!!1.4. New Versions
-
- The latest version of this document can always be found at
-Linux Token Ring Project
-under the Documentation section.
-
-
-
-
- The latest version of this HOWTO will always be made available on
-the Linux Token Ring Project website, in a variety of formats:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- HTML,
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Plain text,
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Adobe Acrobat pdf,
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Postscript,
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- SGML source,
-
-
-
-*
-
-----
-!!1.5. Credits
-
- In this version I have the pleasure of acknowleding:
-
-
-
-
- ''IBM'' for providing hardware,
-technical documentation and technical support when the tech docs
-didn't quite seem enough.
-
-
-
-
- ''Madge'' for providing their hardware to test with.
-
-
-
-
- ''3Com'' for proving the technical documents to
-allow the 3c359 driver to be developed.
-
-
-----
-!!1.6. Feedback
-
- Feedback is most certainly welcome for this document. Without your
-submissions and input, this document wouldn't exist. Please send
-your additions, comments and criticisms to the following email
-address: `mikep@linuxtr.netb
-
-
-----
-!!!2. Hardware requirements
-
- Make sure that you have a Token Ring card that is supported from
-the list below. Many PCI,ISA and even the odd MCA cards are now
-supported. Check http://www.linuxtr.net for
-the latest information.
-
-
-
-
- Cards that are reported to work:
-
-
-
-
- 3COM
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-3C389 PCMCIA
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C619, 3C619B or 3C619C Token Link
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C319 Velocity ISA
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C359 Velocity XL - PCI
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C339 Velocity PCI
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- IBM
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__PCI. __ PCI Token Ring Adapter; PCI Wake on Lan Token Ring Adapter; 16/4 Token Ring
-PCI Adapter 2, Wake on Lan, and Wake on Lan Special; High Speed 100/16/4
-Token Ring Adapter, Token Ring 16/4 Management Adapter.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Cardbus. __ 16/4 Token Ring Adapter
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!LanStreamer. __ PCI: Auto !LanStreamer, Triple Lanstreamer; MCA: !LanStreamer MC16, Lanstreamer
-MC32, !AutoLanstreamer MC32, Dual Lanstreamer MC32
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__ISA. __ Auto 16/4 Token Ring Adapter, 16/4 Token Ring Adapter, Turbo 16/4 Token
-Ring Adapter, Auto Wake Token Ring Adapter.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__PCMCIA. __ Turbo 16/4 PC Card, Turbo 16/4 PC Card 2, Auto 16/4 Credit Card Adapter,
-16/4 Credit Card Adapter, 16/4 Credit Card Adapter II
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Tropic MCA. __ 16/4 Token Ring Adapter/A, Auto 16/4 Token Ring Adapter
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- Olicom
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-!RapidFire 3139, 3140, 3141, and 3540
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3136
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3137
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3118
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3129
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- Madge
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-51-02 Smart 16/4 PCI
-
-
-*
-*
-
-20-03 16/4 Cardbus Adapter Mk2
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-04 Smart 16/4 PCI Ringnode Mk3
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-09 Smart 16/4 Fiber PCI Ringnode
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-07 Smart 100/16/4 PCI-HS Ringnode
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-05 Smart 100/16/4 PCI Ringnode
-
-
-*
-*
-
-20-01 Smart 16/4 PCMCIA
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-07 Presto PCI 2000
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-06 Presto PCI Plus
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-05 Presto PCI
-
-
-*
-*
-
-53-05 Smart Mk4 PCI Adapter (low profile)
-
-
-*
-*
-
-31-40 Rapidfire 3140V2 16/4 PCI Adapter
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- !SysKonnect
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-TR4/16(+) SK-4190 ISA
-
-
-*
-*
-
-TR4/16(+) SK-4590 PCI
-
-
-*
-*
-
-TR4/16(+) SK-4591 PCI
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- SMC
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-Tokencard Elite (8115T)
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Tokencard Elite/A MCA (8115T/A)
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- Intel
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-!TokenExpress PRO
-
-
-*
-*
-
-!TokenExpress 16/4
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- Cards that may cause problems:
-
-
-
-
-__Token-Ring Network 16/4 Adapter II. __ This adapter will NOT work.
-Do not confuse this card with the IBM Token Ring adapter II (4mbit)
-which does. It is a DMA/Busmaster adapter for ISA.
-
-
-
-
-__3Com !TokenLink Velocity ISA. __ You may or may not get this one to work.
-I have had reports of people running it without problems,
-and others who get errors left and right.
-
-
-----
-!!!3. Which driver should I use?
-
- The realm of Token Ring drivers on Linux has expanded quite a bit in
-last couple of years. It's not just ibmtr anymore! So as a result this
-map will tell you given a card which driver you should try and the
-recommended minimum kernel version (if any).
-
-
-
-
- 3COM
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-3C389 PCMCIA -- ibmtr_cs
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C619, 3C619B or 3C619C Token Link -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C319 Velocity ISA -- try ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C359 Velocity XL - PCI -- driver available from
-http://www.linuxtr.net
-
-
-*
-*
-
-3C339 Velocity PCI -- tms380tr
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- IBM
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-PCI Token Ring Adaptor -- olympic
-
-
-*
-*
-
-PCI Wake on Lan Token Ring Adaptor -- olympic
-
-
-*
-*
-
-16/4 Token Ring PCI Adaptor 2, Wake On Lan, and Wake on Lan Special -- olympic
-
-
-*
-*
-
-High Speed 100/16/4 Token Ring -- olympic
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Turbo 16/4 ISA adapter -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Token Ring Auto 16/4 ISA adapter -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Token Ring Auto 16/4 adapter /A -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Token Ring 16/4 adapter /A -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Token Ring adapter /A -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Token Ring adapter II (4 Megabit only) -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-16/4 ISA Token Ring card (16bit) -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-16/4 ISA Token Ring card (8bit) -- ibmtr
-
-
-*
-*
-
-All LANStreamer -- lanstreamer
-
-
-*
-*
-
-PCMCIA - Turbo 16/4 -- ibmtr_cs
-
-
-*
-*
-
-PCMCIA - 16/4 -- ibmtr_cs
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Cardbus - 16/4 - olympic, kernel v.2.4.3 or greater
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- Olicom
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-!RapidFire 3139, 3140, 3141, and 3540
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3136
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3137
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3118
-
-
-*
-*
-
-OC 3129
-
-
-*
-For these Olicom cards, see their website
-http://www.olicom.com for drivers. You will need a
-2.2.x series kernel.
-
-
-
-
- Madge
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-51-02 Smart 16/4 PCI
-
-
-*
-*
-
-20-03 16/4 Cardbus Adapter Mk2
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-04 Smart 16/4 PCI Ringnode Mk3
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-09 Smart 16/4 Fiber PCI Ringnode
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-07 Smart 100/16/4 PCI-HS Ringnode
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-05 Smart 100/16/4 PCI Ringnode
-
-
-*
-*
-
-20-01 Smart 16/4 PCMCIA
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-07 Presto PCI 2000
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-06 Presto PCI Plus
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-05 Presto PCI
-
-
-*
-For these Madge cards you'll want to visit their site
-http://www.madge.com
-for drivers and get the 2.31 Madge drivers.
-You will need either a 2..36 or 2.2.5 as a minimum.
-
-
-
-
- 2.41 drivers:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-51-05 Smart Mk4 PCI Adapter
-
-
-*
-*
-
-53-05 Smart Mk4 PCI Adapter (low profile)
-
-
-*
-*
-
-31-40 Rapidfire 3140V2 16/4 PCI Adapter
-
-
-*
-*
-
-20-03 Smart 16/4 Cardbus Mk2
-
-
-*
-*
-
-51-04 Smart 16/4 PCI Ringnode Mk3
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-07 Presto PCI 2000
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-06 Presto PCI Plus
-
-
-*
-*
-
-60-05 Presto PCI
-
-
-*
-According to the Madge README file the 2.41 driver has been tested on
-uniprocessor and SMP kernel versions: 2..36, 2.2.5-15 ,2.2.10,
-2.2.12-20, 2.4.2-2.
-
-
-
-
- Other Madge cards are reportedly based on the Texas Instruments tms380
-chipset and thus as of the 2.3.26 kernel you can try the tms380tr driver.
-
-
-
-
- !SysKonnect
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-TR4/16(+) SK-4190 ISA
-
-
-*
-*
-
-TR4/16(+) SK-4590 PCI
-
-
-*
-*
-
-TR4/16(+) SK-4591 PCI
-
-
-*
-In the 2.2.x series of kernels try sktr. In the 2.3.x and greater
-series try the tms380tr driver.
-
-
-
-
- SMC
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-Tokencard Elite (8115T)
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Tokencard Elite/A MCA (8115T/A)
-
-
-*
-Driver is included as part of the 2.3.38+ kernel.
-
-
-
-
- Intel
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-!TokenExpress PRO
-
-
-*
-*
-
-!TokenExpress 16/4
-
-
-*
-Support for these cards is currently under development.
-Check http://www.linuxtr.net for status.
-
-
-----
-!!3.1. Drivers/Adapter Specifics
-
- Here we'll describe the different options and configurations available
-for each of the available drivers.
-
-
-----
-!3.1.1. Kernel Module Aliases and Parameters
-
- Most drivers accept arguments in the form of module paramters (with the
-exception of the special case of PCMCIA, which is fully described below).
-
-
-
-
- Kernel modules are specified in the file /etc/conf.modules or /etc/modules.conf
-depending upon which version of modutils you've got.
-
-
-
-
- You can directly modify this file or use the tools builtin to your specific
-distribution. These distribution specific tools are beyond the scope of this
-document, but you can always directly modify the modules.conf file by hand
-to get things up and running and then figure out how your distribution
-handles these files. For example, Debian has several files in the /etc/modutils
-directory and from these builds the modules.conf file.
-
-
-
-
- Kernel modules aliases are utilized to associate a particular name with a
-kernel module.
-
-
-
-
- For token ring, this is used to assign drivers for each of the token ring
-interfaces so that the system scripts know which driver to insert when
-you bring an interface up.
-
-
-
-
- The format of the alias lines are:
-
- alias ''module_name'' interface
-
-Usually, the only line you'll need for the token ring networking would be
-something like:
-
-alias olympic tr0
-This binds the olympic driver to the tr0 interface so when you type
-
-ifconfig tr0 up
-if the tr0 interface is not already loaded, the system will insert the
-olympic driver, which in turn will find the network card and create
-the tr0 network device.
-
-
-
-
- Kernel modules parameters are specified in the following format:
-
- options ''module_name'' ''parameter_1''=XXX
[[''parameter2''=YYY ...
]
-
-Where the modules_name is the name of the driver, i.e. olympic, ibmtr, 3c359 and the
-` parameters are those available for each driver. See either the following sections for
-driver specifics or check out the drivers source code.
-
-
-
-
- For example, if you wanted to set the Olympic driver to 16 mbps operation and with
-a default buffer size of 8192 bytes, you would use the following line:
-
- options olympic ringspeed=16 pkt_buf_sz=8192
-
-
-
-----
-!3.1.2. IBMTR Driver
-
- IBM Tropic Chipset Based Token Ring Adapters
-
-
-
-
- This is the original token ring driver in the kernel and supports almost all
-adapters that use the IBM Tropic chipset, including the IBM ISA, ISA/Pnp, and
-a multitude of adapters from other manufacturers.
-
-
-
-
- The IBM Turbo 16/4 ISA/PnP adapter will, in fact, work fine with the ibmtr driver.
-In older drivers you had to run the card in Auto 16/4 compatability mode.
-The simplest way to set this is to use the LANAID disks
-sent with the card and run the command:
-
-LANAIDC /FAST=AUTO16
-You should then use LANAIDC or LANAID
-to configure the card according to documentation.
-The latest drivers for the Turbo Adapters will recognize these adapters
-and configure them straight out of the box. You may have to either turn
-off isapnp support in the kernel or modify your isapnp.conf file to
-enable the adapter.
-
-
-
-
- Options:
-
-
-
-
- Perusal of the ibmtr source code may leave you to believe that the adapter can
-take three parameters, however, in reality the driver doesn't take any. These
-parameters are a hang over from the early stages of the driver and are only
-intended to be used to force the driver to only test restricted åddresses when
-looking for adapters. The information on these options are included here for
-completeness only.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- ''io'': Specify the I/O ports that the driver will check
-for the presence of any cards. All Tropic based ISA adapters, or adapters
-emulating the ISA cards will be found on either port 0xA20 or 0xA24. If
-you know that your adapter is configured for 0xA24 and/or that probing
-on port 0xA20 will cause problems with your machine, use io to force the
-driver to check a specific port only.
-
-
-
-
- The Turbo adapters (including the confusingly named latest Auto 16/4
-cards) can have their io regions located anywhere permitted by the PnP
-specification. This location is found using the new turbo detection code
-and no parameters are required.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''irq'' 8 ''mem'': The two options were used
-to tell the driver exactly which irq to use and where the shared ram for the
-adapter could be found. These two options are now totally redundant in the driver
-as the interrupt line and the location of the shared ram is obtained directly by
-interrogating the adapter.
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-----
-!3.1.3. Olympic Driver
-
- IBM PCI Pit/Pit-Phy/Olympic chipset based token ring cards
-
-
-
-
- Options:
-
-
-
-
- The driver accepts four options: ringspeed, pkt_buf_sz,
-message_level and network_monitor.
-
-
-
-
- These options can be specified differently for each card found, i.e if you
-have two olympic adapters in your machine and want to assign a ring speed of 16mbps
-to the first adapter, but a ring speed of 4mbps to the second adapter, your options
-line would read:
-
- options olympic ringspeed=16,4
-
-However, it should be noted that the driver assigns value to each adapter in the
-order they are discovered¸ which is usually the order there are present on the pci
-bus. A little trial and error may be required to be certain which adapter is receiving
-which configuration option.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- ''ringspeed'': Has one of three settings 0 (default), 4 or 16. 0 will
-make the card autosense the ringspeed and join at the appropriate speed,
-this will be the default option for most people. 4 or 16 allow you to
-explicitly force the card to operate at a certain speed. The card will fail
-if you try to insert it at the wrong speed. (Although some hubs will allow
-this so be *very* careful). The main purpose for explicitly setting the ring
-speed is for when the card is first on the ring. In autosense mode, if the card
-cannot detect any active monitors on the ring it will not open, so you must
-re-init the card at the appropriate speed. Unfortunately at present the only
-way of doing this is rmmod and insmod which is a bit tough if it is compiled
-in the kernel. The driver does support 100 mbps full duplex operation. This
-is automatically detected by the adapter when connected to an appropriate
-switch.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''pkt_buf_sz'': This is this initial receive buffer allocation
-size. This will default to 4096 if no value is entered. You may increase
-performance of the driver by setting this to a value larger than the network
-packet size, although the driver now re-sizes buffers based on MTU settings as well.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''message_level'': Controls level of messages created by the
-driver. Defaults to 0 which only displays start-up and critical messages.
-Presently any non-zero value will display all soft messages as well. NB This
-does not turn debugging messages on, that must be done by modified the source code.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''network_monitor'': Any non-zero value will provide a
-quasi network monitoring mode. All unexpected MAC frames (beaconing etc.)
-will be received by the driver and the source and destination addresses printed.
-Also an entry will be added in /proc/net called olympic_tr%d, where tr%d
-is the registered device name, i.e tr0, tr1, etc. This displays low
-level information about the configuration of the ring and the adapter.
-This feature has been designed for network administrators to assist in
-the diagnosis of network / ring problems. (This used to OLYMPIC_NETWORK_MONITOR,
-but has now changed to allow each adapter to be configured differently and
-to alleviate the necessity to re-compile olympic to turn the option on).
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
-__Multi-card. __ The driver will detect multiple cards and will work with shared interrupts,
-each card is assigned the next token ring device, i.e. tr0 , tr1, tr2. The
-driver should also happily reside in the system with other drivers. It has
-been tested with ibmtr.c running. I have had multiple cards in the same
-system, all sharing the same interrupt and working perfectly fine together.
-This is also true for the Cardbus Olympic adapters, I have quite happily
-had a Cardbus adapter and regular 16 bit PCMCIA token ring adapter working
-together in the same laptop.
-
-
-
-
-__Variable MTU size:. __ The driver can handle a MTU size upto either 4500 or 18000 depending upon
-ring speed. The driver also changes the size of the receive buffers as part
-of the mtu re-sizing, so if you set mtu = 18000, you will need to be able
-to allocate 16 * (sk_buff with 18000 buffer size) call it 18500 bytes per ring
-position = 296,000 bytes of memory space, plus of course anything
-necessary for the tx sk_buff's. Remember this is per card, so if you are
-building routers, gateway's etc, you could start to use a lot of memory
-real fast.
-
-
-----
-!3.1.4. Lanstreamer Driver
-
- IBM PCI/MCA Lanstreamer chipset based token ring cards
-
-
-
-
- Options:
-
-
-
-
- The driver accepts three options: ringspeed, pkt_buf_sz,
-message_level and network_monitor.
-
-
-
-
- These options can be specified differently for each card found, i.e if you
-have two olympic adapters in your machine and want to assign a ring speed of 16mbps
-to the first adapter, but a ring speed of 4mbps to the second adapter, your options
-line would read:
-
- options lanstreamer ringspeed=16,4
-
-However, it should be noted that the driver assigns value to each adapter in the
-order they are discovered¸ which is usually the order there are present on the pci/mca
-bus. A little trial and error may be required to be certain which adapter is receiving
-which configuration option.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- ''ringspeed'': Has one of three settings 0 (default), 4 or 16. 0 will
-make the card autosense the ringspeed and join at the appropriate speed,
-this will be the default option for most people. 4 or 16 allow you to
-explicitly force the card to operate at a certain speed. The card will fail
-if you try to insert it at the wrong speed. (Although some hubs will allow
-this so be *very* careful). The main purpose for explicitly setting the ring
-speed is for when the card is first on the ring. In autosense mode, if the card
-cannot detect any active monitors on the ring it will not open, so you must
-re-init the card at the appropriate speed. Unfortunately at present the only
-way of doing this is rmmod and insmod which is a bit tough if it is compiled
-in the kernel.
-switch.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''pkt_buf_sz'': This is this initial receive buffer allocation
-size. This will default to 4096 if no value is entered. You may increase
-performance of the driver by setting this to a value larger than the network
-packet size, although the driver now re-sizes buffers based on MTU settings as well.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''message_level'': Controls level of messages created by the
-driver. Defaults to 0 which only displays start-up and critical messages.
-Presently any non-zero value will display all soft messages as well. NB This
-does not turn debugging messages on, that must be done by modified the source code.
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
-__Network Monitor. __ The Lanstreamer driver does support a network monitor mode similar to the olympic
-driver, however it is a compile time option and not a module parameter. To enable
-the network monitor mode, edit lanstreamer.c and change the line:
-
-#define STREAMER_NETWORK_MONITOR
-to read:
-
-#define STREAMER_NETWORK_MONITOR 1
-All unexpected MAC frames (beaconing etc.) will be received by the driver and
-the source and destination addresses printed.
-Also an entry will be added in /proc/net called streamer_tr. This displays low
-level information about the configuration of the ring and the adapter.
-This feature has been designed for network administrators to assist in
-the diagnosis of network / ring problems.
-
-
-
-
-__Multi-card. __ The driver will detect multiple cards and will work with shared interrupts,
-each card is assigned the next token ring device, i.e. tr0 , tr1, tr2. The
-driver should also happily reside in the system with other drivers.
-
-
-
-
-__Variable MTU size:. __ The driver can handle a MTU size upto either 4500 or 18000 depending upon
-ring speed. The driver also changes the size of the receive buffers as part
-of the mtu re-sizing, so if you set mtu = 18000, you will need to be able
-to allocate 16 * (sk_buff with 18000 buffer size) call it 18500 bytes per ring
-position = 296,000 bytes of memory space, plus of course anything
-necessary for the tx sk_buff's. Remember this is per card, so if you are
-building routers, gateway's etc, you could start to use a lot of memory
-real fast.
-
-
-----
-!3.1.5. 3Com 3C359 Driver
-
- 3COM PCI TOKEN LINK VELOCITY XL TOKEN RING CARDS
-
-
-
-
- Currently the 3c359 driver in not included in the standard kernel source.
-To utlize the driver, you must download the driver from the
-Linux Token Ring Project web
-site and patch your kernel.
-
-
-
-
- Once you've downloaded the file, you can patch your kernel with the following
-commands:
-
- cd /usr/src/linux
-patch -p1 ` 3c359-2.4.16.patch
-
-or, if the patch file is gzipped:
-
- zcat 3c359-2.4.16.patch | patch -p1
-
-Then just run make config|menuconfig|xconfig and select the 3c359 driver from the
-token ring drivers section of the kernel configuration and then compile and install
-the kernel and/or modules as usual.
-
-
-
-
- Options:
-
-
-
-
- The driver accepts three options: ringspeed, pkt_buf_sz,
-message_level.
-
-
-
-
- These options can be specified differently for each card found, i.e if you
-have two olympic adapters in your machine and want to assign a ring speed of 16mbps
-to the first adapter, but a ring speed of 4mbps to the second adapter, your options
-line would read:
-
- options 3c359 ringspeed=16,4
-
-However, it should be noted that the driver assigns value to each adapter in the
-order they are discovered¸ which is usually the order there are present on the pci
-bus. A little trial and error may be required to be certain which adapter is receiving
-which configuration option.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- ''ringspeed'': Has one of three settings 0 (default), 4 or 16. 0 will
-make the card autosense the ringspeed and join at the appropriate speed,
-this will be the default option for most people. 4 or 16 allow you to
-explicitly force the card to operate at a certain speed. The card will fail
-if you try to insert it at the wrong speed. (Although some hubs will allow
-this so be *very* careful). The main purpose for explicitly setting the ring
-speed is for when the card is first on the ring. In autosense mode, if the card
-cannot detect any active monitors on the ring it will open at the same speed
-as its last opening. This can be harardous if this speed does not match the
-speed you want the ring to operate at.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''pkt_buf_sz'': This is this initial receive buffer allocation
-size. This will default to 4096 if no value is entered. You may increase
-performance of the driver by setting this to a value larger than the network
-packet size, although the driver now re-sizes buffers based on MTU settings as well.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ''message_level'': Controls level of messages created by the
-driver. Defaults to 0 which only displays start-up and critical messages.
-Presently any non-zero value will display all soft messages as well. NB This
-does not turn debugging messages on, that must be done by modified the source code.
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
-__Multi-card. __ The driver will detect multiple cards and will work with shared interrupts,
-each card is assigned the next token ring device, i.e. tr0 , tr1, tr2. The
-driver should also happily reside in the system with other drivers. It has
-been tested with ibmtr.c running. I have had multiple cards in the same
-system, all sharing the same interrupt and working perfectly fine together.
-
-
-
-
-__Variable MTU size:. __ The driver can handle a MTU size upto either 4500 or 18000 depending upon
-ring speed. The driver also changes the size of the receive buffers as part
-of the mtu re-sizing, so if you set mtu = 18000, you will need to be able
-to allocate 16 * (sk_buff with 18000 buffer size) call it 18500 bytes per ring
-position = 296,000 bytes of memory space, plus of course anything
-necessary for the tx sk_buff's. Remember this is per card, so if you are
-building routers, gateway's etc, you could start to use a lot of memory
-real fast.
-
-
-----
-!3.1.6. !SysKonnect adapters
-
- Information for the !SysKonnect Token Ring ISA/PCI Adapter is courtesy Jay
-Schulist `jschlst@samba.orgb
-
-
-
-
- The Linux !SysKonnect Token Ring driver works with the !SysKonnect TR4/16(+) ISA,
-!SysKonnect TR4/16(+) PCI, !SysKonnect TR4/16 PCI, and older revisions of the
-SK NET TR4/16 ISA card.
-
-
-
-
- Latest information on this driver can be obtained on the Linux-SNA WWW site.
-Please point your browser to: http://www.linux-sna.org
-
-
-
-
-
-Important information to be noted:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- 1. Adapters can be slow to open (~20 secs) and close (~5 secs), please be
-patient.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- 2. This driver works very well when autoprobing for adapters. Why even
-think about those nasty io/int/dma settings of modprobe when the driver
-will do it all for you!
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- This driver is rather simple to use. Select Y to Token Ring adapter support
-in the kernel configuration. A choice for !SysKonnect Token Ring adapters will
-appear. This drives supports all !SysKonnect ISA and PCI adapters. Choose this
-option. I personally recommend compiling the driver as a module (M), but if you
-you would like to compile it staticly answer Y instead.
-
-
-
-
- This driver supports multiple adapters without the need to load multiple copies
-of the driver. You should be able to load up to 7 adapters without any kernel
-modifications, if you are in need of more please contact the maintainer of this
-driver.
-
-
-
-
- Load the driver either by lilo/loadlin or as a module. When a module using the
-following command will suffice for most:
-
- # modprobe sktr
-
-This will produce output similar to the following: (Output is user specific)
-
- sktr.c: v1.01 08/29/97 by Christoph Goos
-tr0: SK NET TR 4/16 PCI found at 0x6100, using IRQ 17.
-tr1: SK NET TR 4/16 PCI found at 0x6200, using IRQ 16.
-tr2: SK NET TR 4/16 ISA found at 0xa20, using IRQ 10 and DMA 5.
-
-Now just setup the device via ifconfig and set and routes you may have. After
-this you are ready to start sending some tokens.
-
-
-
-
-__Errata. __ For anyone wondering where to pick up the !SysKonnect adapters please browse
-to http://www.syskonnect.com
-
-
-
-
- Below is the setting for the SK NET TR 4/16 ISA adapters
-
- ***************************
-*** C O N T E N T S ***
-***************************
-1) Location of DIP-Switch W1
-2) Default settings
-3) DIP-Switch W1 description
-==============================================================
-CHAPTER 1 LOCATION OF DIP-SWITCH
-==============================================================
-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|+------+ +-----+ +---+ |
-||------| W1 +-----+ +----+ | | |
-||------| | | | | +---+
-||------| +-----------+ +----+ | | | ||
-||------| | | +---+ +---+ +---+
-||------| | TMS380C26 | | | |
-||------| | | +---+ |-+
-|+------+ | | | |
-| +-----------+ | |
-| | |
-| |-+
-| |
-| |
-| |
-| |
-+------------+----------------+--+-----------------------+---------+
-+----------------+ +-----------------------+
-
-
-
-==============================================================
-CHAPTER 2 DEFAULT SETTINGS
-==============================================================
-W1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-+------------------------------+
-| ON X |
-| OFF X X X X X X X |
-+------------------------------+
-W1.1 = ON Adapter drives address lines SA17..19
-W1.2 - 1.5 = OFF BootROM disabled
-W1.6 - 1.8 = OFF I/O address 0A20h
-
-
- ==============================================================
-CHAPTER 3 DIP SWITCH W1 DESCRIPTION
-==============================================================
-+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ ON
-| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
-+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ OFF
-|AD | BootROM Addr. | I/O |
-+-+-+-------+-------+-----+-----+
-| | |
-| | +------ 6 7 8
-| | ON ON ON 1900h
-| | ON ON OFF 0900h
-| | ON OFF ON 1980h
-| | ON OFF OFF 0980h
-| | OFF ON ON 1b20h
-| | OFF ON OFF 0b20h
-| | OFF OFF ON 1a20h
-| | OFF OFF OFF 0a20h (+)
-| |
-| |
-| +-------- 2 3 4 5
-| OFF x x x disabled (+)
-| ON ON ON ON C0000
-| ON ON ON OFF C4000
-| ON ON OFF ON C8000
-| ON ON OFF OFF CC000
-| ON OFF ON ON D0000
-| ON OFF ON OFF D4000
-| ON OFF OFF ON D8000
-| ON OFF OFF OFF DC000
-|
-|
-+----- 1
-OFF adapter does NOT drive SA`17..19b
-ON adapter drives SA`17..19b (+)
-(+) means default setting
-
-
-
-----
-!3.1.7. PCMCIA__3.1.7.1. Introduction__
-
- PCMCIA Token Ring adapters will work on all versions of the Linux kernel.
-Unfortunately, the road to hell is often paved with melting snowballs ;-)
-and there are a myriad of different combinations that can be used to get the
-adapters to work, all with different options, different requirements and
-different issues. Hopefully with this document you will be able to figure
-out which combinations of ingredients are required and how to get them up and
-running on your machine.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.2. History__
-
- In the 2..x and 2.2.x kernels days, pcmcia was only available as an external
-package, created and maintained by David Hinds. When the only stable kernel
-available was 2..36, life was pretty easy and with a few simple configuration
-options the adapters would work.
-
-
-
-
-
-With the advent of 2.2.x, ibmtr.c was completely updated, which broke the pcmcia
-driver (ibmtr_cs.c). The pcmcia driver was updated to work with the new ibmtr driver
-and the 2.2.x kernels. This is where the first level of complication starts. As
-the pcmcia_cs package is stand alone, it has to support the various different
-kernels, so instead of being able to have different versions of drivers in different
-versions of the kernel source, the pcmcia_cs drivers must work with all kernel
-versions. This not only creates some ugliness in the driver itself but also causes
-confusion as to which version of pcmcia_cs works for the latest kernel.
-
-
-
-
- At this point, everything was working fine, and then come along the 2.3.x develpment
-series of kernels. The 2.3.x kernels provided their own support for pcmcia and the
-ibmtr_cs driver was included in the kernel proper. So now there were two ways of
-getting pcmcia token ring support, either using the kernel drivers themselves or
-using the pcmcia_cs package, not too much of a problem because only developers were
-using the 2.3.x kernels. Of course this all changed when the 2.4 kernel was released
-and a lot more users started using the kernel.
-
-
-
-
-
-During late 2000, early 2001, significant development work was done on both the
-standard ibmtr driver and the pcmcia driver. Original pcmcia updates including using
-high memory and hot-eject support. These initial updates were only for the 2.2.x kernels,
-and hence only included in the pcmcia_cs package. Later development saw great improvements
-in ibmtr and ibmtr_cs for the 2.4.x kernels. So as of writing, 1/23/02 , there are many
-different combinations of kernel version and driver floating around especially considering
-that different distributions have released different versions of the 2.4 kernels.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.3. 2..x kernels__
-
- If you are using one of the 2..x kernels, then I salute your perserverance and really you
-should have got the pcmcia drivers configured and working by now ;-)
-
-
-
-
- You will have to use the pcmcia_cs package and play with the /etc/pcmcia/config.opts, see
-the section below about config.opts fun. Just about any version of pcmcia_cs that's been
-released in the last 2/3 years will work fine.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.4. 2.2.0 - 2.2.6 kernels__
-
- These were the series of kernels where the pcmcia driver didn't work at all. It's probably
-just easiest to upgrade the kernel to a later version.
-
-
-
-
- If you really do need to get this up and running, then a recent pcmcia_cs is required and
-you should be able to grab the ibmtr.c and ibmtr.h from a 2.2.7 - 2.2.16 kernel and use
-them (note no greater than 2.2.16 !!)
-
-
-
-
- You have to do the config.opts mangling, see the section on setting all this up.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.5. 2.2.7 - 2.2.16 kernels__
-
- These kernels are well supported, simply use the pcmcia_cs package and play with the
-config.opts file.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.6. 2.2.17 - 2.2.19 kernels__
-
- The pcmcia driver was updated for these kernel to eliminate the need for the config.opts
-mangling. You'll need pcmcia_cs at least 3.1.24, although it is probably better just to
-grab the latest version.
-
-
-
-
-
-Simply compile up pcmcia_cs and you're done. No need to play with config.opts, in fact
-if you've been running a previous version that did have the ibmtr_cs line in config.opts
-it would be a ''very good'' idea to remove or comment out the line.
-The new driver allocates the entire 64k for shared ram and it needs to be aligned on a 64k
-boundary, if you've got a previous srambase value not on a 64k boundary, the driver will
-barf and the kernel will panic.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.7. 2.4.0 - 2.4.4 (non Redhat) kernels__
-
- Use the built-in kernel pcmcia driver and play with config.opts.
-
-
-
-
- If you want to use the latest and greatest version of the driver with the high memory and
-hot-swap support you can download the patch and patch up your kernel. Then the line in
-config.opts can be removed and everything will work fine.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.8. 2.4.4-ac11 b kernels__
-
- These kernels include the new drivers so simply compile up the drivers, ensure that there is
-no configuration line in config.opts and away you go.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.9. 2.4.2 mangled, i.e. Redhat 7.1__
-
- When !RedHat released 7.1 with the 2.4.2 kernel they modified the kernel (as they always
-do) and included the updated ibmtr/ibmtr_cs driver from the
-web site. If you're lucky this
-may work straight out of the box (again no need for the ibmtr_cs line in config.opts), if
-not then it is probably easiest to upgrade to the latest 2.4.x kernels and use the drivers
-there. (The reason being that while I will work out how to get around a distribution
-caused problem, I will not provide support for them, I'll answer questions and give help
-because I'm a nice guy, but I am not going to provide driver updates against distributions.
-Official support is for the drivers in the kernels available from the official kernel mirrors.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.10. 2.4.x kernels and pcmcia_cs__
-
- There is no need to use pcmcia_cs with the 2.4 kernels to get the token ring adapters up
-and running, but I appreciate that some of you may need to use pcmcia_cs to get other adapters
-working that are not supported properly in the kernel.
-
-
-
-
-
-The pcmcia_cs package will not work with the latest drivers, it may work with the 2.4.-2.4.4
-drivers. I am currently in two minds about providing support with pcmcia_cs for the 2.4 kernels,
-you can ask me directly or check the web site every
-now and then so see if anything has changed.
-
-
-----__3.1.7.11. Config.opts mangling (or how to send yourself insane)__
-
- This is the hardest part to getting the pcmcia adapters working with the drivers that need the
-ibmtr_cs line in /etc/pcmcia/config.opts. No set of values is guaranteed to work the same on a
-different machine. It really is a case of trial and error but forewarned and forearmed with a
-little bit of knowledge can make the process a whole lot easier.
-
-
-
-
- "Hey, I don't care, just give me something that works"
-
-
-
-
- OK, try this, it works in most situations, if it doesn't you have to read the rest of the
-section anyway. Just insert the following line in /etc/pcmcia/config.opts
-
-modules "ibmtr_cs" opts "mmiobase=0xd2000 srambase=0xd4000"
-restart pcmcia and insert the adapter.
-
-
-
-
- "OK, that didn't work, bring on the pain"
-
-
-
-
- The pcmcia driver need to allocate two areas of memory to operate properly. All areas of memory
-allocated must be aligned on the same boundary as the size of the area being aligned, i.e.
-a block 8K in size must be on an 8K boundary (0xc8000, 0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000, 0xd0000, 0xd2000)
-and for a 16K block must be on a 16K boundary (0xc8000, 0xcc000, 0xd0000, 0xd4000). All memory
-areas must be allocated within the ISA address space, 0xC0000-0xDFFFF). Theoretically you should be
-able to use anywhere within this area, although experience has shown that most machines hide
-stuff in the 0xc0000-0xc9fff area. Some machines have even been known to use the 0xd0000-0xd1fff
-area without telling anybody (some thinkpads !!). So you really want to stick with memory
-allocations in the 0xcc000 - 0xdffff range.
-
-
-
-
- Of course, the two memory areas cannot overlap either ;)
-
-
-
-
- The first area of memory is an 8K area for the memory mapped input/output (MMIO) and must be
-placed on an 8K boundary. This area of memory is not usually the cause of any problems and can be
-placed pretty much anywhere, recommended values are: 0xcc000, 0xd0000,0xd2000,0xd4000.
-
-
-
-
-
-The second area of memory can be sized to fit your desires, this is the area of memory where the
-incoming and outgoing packets are stored and received. The driver defaults to a 16K memory size
-and must be placed on a 16K boundary. Good areas are: 0xd0000,0xd4000,0xd8000.
-
-
-
-
- Once you've decided which areas of memory you are goin to try, you need to add the correct line
-to the /etc/pcmcia/config.opts file. Configuration lines in this file take the format of:
-
- module "module_name" opts "option1=opt1_value option2=opt2_value ...."
-
-In our case module_name is ibmtr_cs. There are three options that be set with the ibmtr_cs driver,
-mmiobase, srambase and sramsize.
-
-
-
-
- If they are not set they will revert to the defaults in the driver, which in 9 cases out of 10
-won't work for you. sramsize rarely has to be set unless you are looking for that last little bit
-of performance from your adapter.
-
-
-
-
- So, having decided upon your values, let's say 0xd2000 for the MMIO and 0xd4000 for the shared
-memory you would build a config.opts line like this:
-
- module "ibmtr_cs" opts "mmiobase=0xd2000 srambase=0xd4000"
-
-The pcmcia_cs package must be restarted for these new options to take effect, usually with:
-
-/etc/init.d/pcmcia restart or /etc/rc.d/init.d/pcmcia/restart
-depending upon which run level organization your distribution adheres to.
-
-
-
-
- Then just plug it in and see if it works. If not you'll just have to go back and change the
-values for mmiobase and srambase until you find a combination that works.
-Or, you can upgrade to a kernel/pcmcia_cs version that support high memory allocation,
-where all this config.opts nonsense is not required and you can just happily plug your adapter
-in and watch it run.
-
-
-----
-!3.1.8. Madge Supplied Drivers
-
- Madge released 2.31 of their driver in 1999 and 2.41 in late 2001. Both drivers can
-be downloaded from the Madge web site and
-the 2.41 driver is also available from the
-Linux Token Ring Project web site.
-
-
-
-
- Once the drivers have been downloaded, see the README file that comes with the drivers
-for instruction on how to built and install the drivers. The only other issue some
-people find with the drivers is a failure to build the tool chain due to an incorrect
-version of the newt libraries. If you get a compiler error relating to newt.h change
-the madge-source/include/mtok/config.h file so that the #define NEWNEWT line reads:
-
- #define NEWNEWT 1
-
-This will ensure the tools use the correct newt libraries during the build process.
-
-
-
-
- A patch is available from the Linux Token Ring
-Project web site for the 2.31 drivers to enable them to work with the
-2.4.x kernels.
-
-
-----
-!3.1.9. Olicom Drivers
-
- Back when Olicom were still in business they did produce a Linux driver
-that does actually work. Trying to find the driver these days is a bit tough.
-If the ftp.olicom.com site is still up and running, the driver can be found
-there.
-
-
-
-
- The driver is a combination of GPL source code and proprietary binary low level
-code. The driver only works with the 2..36 and 2.2.x kernels. It should be
-possible to port this driver to the 2.4.x kernels...
-
-
-----
-!!!4. Known problems
-
- See www.linuxtr.net for the latest greatest set of bugs. Generally
-speaking the biggest problem that I've seen (with ibmtr) is that
-if you pull your connection from the wall the 2..x series of
-kernels would generally not recover.
-
-
-
-
- This has been fixed in the latest version of ibmtr and the driver
-should now recognize when the link cable has been detached.
-
-
-
-
- There are some laptops that don't want to work with the Olympic Cardbus
-adapter, for some reason the driver never sees the open interrupt from the
-card. I don't think this is a problem with the driver, but with the Cardbus
-subsystem, for some people this problem has simply gone away with a newer
-kernel and I personally have never seen it on the laptops I've used in the
-development of the driver (Sony Vaio Z505 and Dell Latitude CPx500).
-
-
-----
-!!!5. VMWare and Token Ring
-
- Thanks to Scott Russell scottrus@raleigh.ibm.com for this little "trick"
-
-
-
-
- One of the bummers about VMWare is if you are on a
-Token-Ring adapter, your VMWare system can't have a real TCP/IP
-address. Turns out this isn't the case. Here's how to do it.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- In the info below we'll call your linux box 'linux.mycompany.biz.com'
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Register another ip address, I'll call it 'vmware.mycompany.biz.com'
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Make sure FORWARD_IPV4=true in your /etc/sysconfig/network file. If you have
-to change it you can dynamically turn on the feature as root
-
- cat 1 b /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Alias the second ip to the TR adapter. You end up with something like
-this from /sbin/ifconfig:
-
- tr0 linux.mycompany.biz.com
-tr0:0 vmware.mycompany.biz.com
-vmnet1 192.168..1
-
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-
-Make sure you can ping both ip addresses from another box.
-If you cannot then this next step will not work.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Use ipchains/iptables to redirect incoming traffic for the tr0:0 interface to
-your vmnet1 interface. (When I did this I only redirected specific
-ports from tr0:0 to vmnet1.)
-
-
-
-*
-
- Now any outside system your 'NT' box appears to be on the TR. In bound
-traffic can find it as well as out.
-
-
-----
-!!!6. Commonly asked Questions
-
- Here are a collection of commonly asked questions that arise from time to
-time on the linux-tr mailing list. If your question isn't answered
here or
-elsewhere in this document, feel free to ask away on the mailing list.
-
-
-; Q: DHCP doesn't work with my Token Ring adapter.
-; Q: I can't set the LAA on my adapter with ifconfig tr0 hw tr 4000DEADBEEF.
-; Q: My Linux machine is on a bridged network and I'm having connectivity
-issues with machine beyond the bridge.
-; Q: Can I use a Linux machine to bridge between token ring and
-ethernet ?
-; Q: OK, if I can't bridge, how do I connect my Token Ring and
-ethernet networks ?
-
-
-__Q: __ DHCP doesn't work with my Token Ring adapter.
-
-
-
-
-__A: __ Certain dhcp servers and clients do not work properly with token
-ring drivers. This is especially true with the 2.4 kernels. During
-the development of the 2.3.x series of kernels the internal type
-for token ring was changed to accomodate multicast support over
-token ring. The solution is to upgrade your dhcp client/server
-to a version that supports token ring and/or the latest kernel
-versions.
-
-
-
-
-__Q: __ I can't set the LAA on my adapter with ifconfig tr0 hw tr 4000DEADBEEF.
-
-
-
-
-__A: __ Firstly, double check that your adapter/driver support setting the LAA,
-and that you've supplied a valid LAA. Also, most drivers will only allow
-this to be set before the adapter is opened onto the ring.
-Again, this is related to the change in the internal type for token ring
-in the 2.4 kernels. A patch is available from the
-web site for nettools
-that fixes this and allows the LAA to be set.
-
-
-
-
-__Q: __ My Linux machine is on a bridged network and I'm having connectivity
-issues with machine beyond the bridge.
-
-
-
-
-__A: __ The token ring source routing code in the kernel uses the spanning
-tree algorithm. Contact your network administrator to enable this
-protocol on the bridges.
-
-
-
-
-__Q: __ Can I use a Linux machine to bridge between token ring and
-ethernet ?
-
-
-
-
-__A: __ The simply answer in no. Briding network topologies in software
-is incredibly complicated and while it is possibly, nobody has
-written the code to do it. If you must bridge there are several
-manufacturers that produce hardware bridges (most notably Cisco).
-
-
-
-
-__Q: __ OK, if I can't bridge, how do I connect my Token Ring and
-ethernet networks ?
-
-
-
-
-__A: __ A cheap linux box with a token ring and ethernet adapter makes
-an excellent router. There is no difference between setting up
-a token ring/ethernet router and an ethernet/ethernet router.
-You can do masquerading (NAT) and filtering on the router as
-per usual. For more details see the Netfilter howto.
-
-
-----
-!!!A. GNU Free Documentation License
-!!!A.1. . PREAMBLE
-
- The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
-other written document "free" in the sense of
-freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
-redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
-commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
-preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
-their work, while not being considered responsible for
-modifications made by others.
-
-
-
-
- This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means
-that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in
-the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License,
-which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
-
-
-
-
- We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
-free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
-free program should come with manuals providing the same
-freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
-to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
-regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
-printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
-whose purpose is instruction or reference.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.2. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
-
- This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
-notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
-distributed under the terms of this License. The
-"Document", below, refers to any such manual or
-work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed
-as "you".
-
-
-
-
- A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
-containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
-verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
-language.
-
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- A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a
-front-matter section of the Document
-that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers
-or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
-(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
-directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the
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-Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship
-could be a matter of historical connection with the subject
-or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
-ethical or political position regarding them.
-
-
-
-
- The "Invariant Sections" are certain
- Secondary Sections
-whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant
-Sections, in the notice that says that the
-Document is released under
-this License.
-
-
-
-
- The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of
-text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts,
-in the notice that says that the
-Document is released under
-this License.
-
-
-
-
- A "Transparent" copy of the
- Document means a
-machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
-is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed
-and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors
-or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for
-drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is
-suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
-translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
-formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
-whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
-subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy
-that is not "Transparent" is called
-"Opaque".
-
-
-
-
- Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
-plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
-format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
-standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human
-modification. Opaque formats include !PostScript, PDF,
-proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
-proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
-and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
-machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for
-output purposes only.
-
-
-
-
- The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the
-title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to
-hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in
-the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title
-page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
-most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
-beginning of the body of the text.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.3. 2. VERBATIM COPYING
-
- You may copy and distribute the
-Document in any medium, either
-commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
-copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
-applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
-you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
-License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
-control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
-distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
-copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
-must also follow the conditions in
-section 3.
-
-
-
-
- You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
-above, and you may publicly display copies.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.4. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
-
- If you publish printed copies of the
-Document numbering more than 100,
-and the Document's license notice requires
-Cover Texts, you must enclose
-the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
-Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
-Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also
-clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
-copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
-words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
-other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
-limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
-Document and satisfy these
-conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
-respects.
-
-
-
-
- If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
-legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
-reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
-adjacent pages.
-
-
-
-
- If you publish or distribute Opaque
-copies of the Document numbering
-more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
-Transparent copy along with
-each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
-publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a
-complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added
-material, which the general network-using public has access to
-download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network
-protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take
-reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
-copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
-remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
-year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
-or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the
-public.
-
-
-
-
- It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors
-of the Document well before
-redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
-to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.5. 4. MODIFICATIONS
-
- You may copy and distribute a
-Modified Version of the
-Document under the conditions of
-sections 2 and
-3 above, provided that you release
-the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
-Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
-licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version
-to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
-these things in the Modified Version:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__A. __ Use in the
-Title Page (and on
-the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
-Document, and from those of
-previous versions (which should, if there were any, be
-listed in the History section of the Document). You may
-use the same title as a previous version if the original
-publisher of that version gives permission.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__B. __ List on the
-Title Page, as authors,
-one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship
-of the modifications in the
-Modified Version,
-together with at least five of the principal authors of
-the Document (all of
-its principal authors, if it has less than five).
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__C. __ State on the
-Title Page the name
-of the publisher of the
-Modified Version, as the
-publisher.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__D. __ Preserve all the copyright notices of the
-Document.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__E. __ Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
-adjacent to the other copyright notices.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__F. __ Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
-license notice giving the public permission to use the
-Modified Version under
-the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
-Addendum below.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__G. __ Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
- Invariant Sections
-and required
-Cover Texts given
-in the Document's
-license notice.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__H. __ Include an unaltered copy of this License.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__I. __ Preserve the section entitled "History", and
-its title, and add to it an item stating at least the
-title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
-Modified Version as given on
-the Title Page. If
-there is no section entitled "History" in the
-Document, create one
-stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
-Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
-describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
-sentence.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__J. __ Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
-Document for public access
-to a Transparent
-copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
-given in the Document for previous versions it was based
-on. These may be placed in the "History"
-section. You may omit a network location for a work that
-was published at least four years before the Document
-itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
-refers to gives permission.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__K. __ In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or
-"Dedications", preserve the section's title,
-and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
-each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
-dedications given therein.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__L. __ Preserve all the Invariant
-Sections of the
-Document, unaltered in their
-text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
-equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__M. __ Delete any section entitled
-"Endorsements". Such a section may not be
-included in the
-Modified Version.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__N. __ Do not retitle any existing section as
-"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any
-Invariant Section.
-
-
-
-*
-
- If the Modified Version
-includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
-Secondary Sections and
-contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your
-option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To
-do this, add their titles to the list of
-Invariant Sections in the
-Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be
-distinct from any other section titles.
-
-
-
-
- You may add a section entitled "Endorsements",
-provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your
-Modified Version by various
-parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
-has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
-definition of a standard.
-
-
-
-
- You may add a passage of up to five words as a
-Front-Cover Text, and a
-passage of up to 25 words as a
-Back-Cover Text, to
-the end of the list of
-Cover Texts
-in the Modified Version.
-Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text
-may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
-entity. If the Document
-already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
-added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
-acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
-replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
-publisher that added the old one.
-
-
-
-
- The author(s) and publisher(s) of the
-Document do not by this License
-give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
-assert or imply endorsement of any
-Modified Version .
-
-
-----
-!!!A.6. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
-
- You may combine the Document
-with other documents released under this License, under the
-terms defined in section 4
-above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
-combination all of the
-Invariant Sections of all
-of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
-Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice.
-
-
-
-
- The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,
-and multiple identical
-Invariant Sections may be
-replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant
-Sections with the same name but different contents, make the
-title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it,
-in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of
-that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same
-adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections
-in the license notice of the combined work.
-
-
-
-
- In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
-"History" in the various original documents,
-forming one section entitled "History"; likewise
-combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
-and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must
-delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
-
-
-----
-!!!A.7. 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
-
- You may make a collection consisting of the
-Document and other documents
-released under this License, and replace the individual copies
-of this License in the various documents with a single copy that
-is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
-rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
-documents in all other respects.
-
-
-
-
- You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
-distribute it individually under this License, provided you
-insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
-follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
-copying of that document.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.8. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
-
- A compilation of the Document
-or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents
-or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium,
-does not as a whole count as a
-Modified Version
-of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed
-for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an
-"aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
-other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on
-account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
-derivative works of the Document. If the
-Cover Text requirement of
-section 3 is applicable to these
-copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
-quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may
-be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
-aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
-aggregate.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.9. 8. TRANSLATION
-
- Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
-distribute translations of the
-Document under the terms of
-section 4. Replacing
- Invariant Sections with
-translations requires special permission from their copyright
-holders, but you may include translations of some or all
-Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
-Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this
-License provided that you also include the original English
-version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
-translation and the original English version of this License,
-the original English version will prevail.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.10. 9. TERMINATION
-
- You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
-Document except as expressly
-provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
-modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
-automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
-parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
-License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
-parties remain in full compliance.
-
-
-----
-!!!A.11. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
-
- The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
-of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such
-new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
-may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
- http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
-
-
-
-
- Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
-number. If the Document
-specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
-"or any later version" applies to it, you have the
-option of following the terms and conditions either of that
-specified version or of any later version that has been
-published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
-the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
-you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by
-the Free Software Foundation
.
+Describe
[HowToTokenRing
] here.