How to setup international keyboard in X Window with Xmodmap and XKB
v1.3, 01 December 2001
How to setup international keyboard in Linux or Unix with Xmodmap and XKB written by (c) Juraj Sipos. The Xmodmap is a file that XFree86 reads in order to give you a keyboard layout. This solution will work for you in setting up any international keyboard for (Debian, !RedHat, Mandrake, !CorelLinux?) Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and possibly every Unix that uses XFree86. The advantage of this howto is that it is not architecture specific and will work on all other systems. However, it is a little experimental in that that it bypasses some standardized XFree86 solutions (with respect to its older versions), although a standard form of internationalization is included too.
----; Table of Contents; 1. Introduction: ; 1.1. Copyright; 1.2. Revision history; 1.3. Introduction; 2. Setting up international keyboard in X Window System with Xmodmap and XKB: ; 2.1. Quick start; 2.2. How to do it - this experimental or nonstandard solution is not necessary for newer versions of XFree86. Skip this if not interested; 2.3. Xmodmap theory and standard Xmodmap solution; 2.4. Experimental .Xmodmap sample file for the Slovak language typewriter layout; 2.5. Character sets; 2.6. ISO-8859-2 (ISO Latin2) character set; 2.7. The standard ISO8859-2 definitions in the Xmodmap file; 3. How this Xmodmap solution works on various systems: ; 3.1. SuSE 6.4 and 7.0; 3.2. SuSE 7.0 with Xfree86 version 3.3.6 and KDE 1.x; 3.3. Mandrake Linux 7.2; 3.4. Mandrake 8.1; 3.5. !RedHat 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.1 and 6.2 (XFree86 3.3.6 and older); 3.6. !RedHat 7.2; 3.7. FreeBSD 3.1 and 3.2; 3.8. FreeBSD 4.1; 3.9. FreeBSD 4.4.; 3.10. Corel Linux 1.0 and 1.1; 3.11. ISO* specifications; 4. Some national Xmodmap files: ; 4.1. German; 4.2. Hungarian; 4.3. Czech; 4.4. Polish; 4.5. French; 4.6. Croatian/Slovenian; 4.7. Lithuanian keyboard (AZERTY layout); 4.8. Polish; 5. Troubleshooting and some Xmodmap tips: ; 5.1. Troubleshooting; 5.2. Tips; 6. Links: ; 6.1. Other information on internationalization; 6.2. Links to some non ISO8859-1 fonts
This documentation is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
; Version 1.0.0:
Initial version Summer 1999
; Version 1.1:
Added copyright information and slight modifications pertaining to newer systems
; Version 1.2:
Completely rebuilt, added the possibility to force the system to read Xmodmap; some national Xmodmap files added, more information included on building up the standard Xmodmap files
; Version 1.3:
Minor corrections, spell checking and editation made, few more Xmodmap files added; list of what all ISO8859* specifications mean
; Version 1.4:
Correction of script for including X Window fonts to !StarOffice 5.2
; Version 1.5:
December 2001, Links on internationalization added, info on XKB, troubleshooting, info on newer Linux versions, !StarOffice 6
The international keyboard Xmodmap HOWTO. Copyright (C) 1999, 2001 Juraj Sipos (xvudpapc@savba.sk). Imagine you use a Linux or a BSD OS and want to write a business letter to a person that has a foreign name with a slash or idiaresis. Danish language uses signs like ø and Spanish like ñ.
This is the Xmodmap Howto, but some info on XKB is included, too.
With this information you can make your own international keyboard
layout without installing any additional packages. The following
information will help you set up German, Spanish, Italian,
Slovak, Czech, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Danish,
Dutch, French, Finnish, Norwegian, Estonian, Latvian, Swedish and
other keyboards. You can also alternatively look at my hompage
at 
http://www.freebsd.nfo.sk
to see layouts of various keyboards. In case you want to install
Greek, Hebrew or Russian language, follow my information and apply
changes pertinent to these languages also with respect to other
documentation (e.g., install Greek fonts, etc., see the Cyrilic,
Hebrew, or Danish howto).
Make your own .Xmodmap file according to information in this file.
Write the following to your .bash_profile in your home directory:
export LANG=language
where "language" is the language you want to use. The languages can be found in the file locale.alias in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale. Note: some programs, like Mozilla, won't care about these user's locale settings. Run "exit" command on the console and log in again for bash to read the statement from its .bash_profile.
Install fonts (best are ISO8859-2 Type1 fonts for Eastern Europe, Czech or Slovak), put them in your font path in the /etc/X11/XF86Config file (on some newer systems this is not necessary). Start X Server. Run the command "xmodmap /.Xmodmap" from an X terminal window to force the system to read the .Xmodmap file.
Provided you have your fonts installed, just open the X Terminal window and issue a command: setxkbmap kb, where "kb" is the keyboard layout you want to use, for example: setxkbmap si
for the Slovenian language
setxkbmap de
for the German language
All the language names you may use are located in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols directory.
If you are using KDE, open the KDE Start button, click on Preferences, Personalization, Country 8 Language and choose ISO8859-2 charset. Note that this may be slightly different depending on the Linux distribution.
Switch the keyboard (my xmodmap definition uses Scroll Lock for switching, other xmodmap files use Right Alt) and enjoy.
You may alternatively edit the /etc/X11/Xf86Config file as explained in the Danish Howto, or issue this command in an X terminal window for the Slovak keyboard:
setxkbmap -model pc102 -symbols 'czsk(us_sk_qwertz)' setxkbmap cs -option grp:shift_toggle
In !RedHat 7.2 and Mandrake 8.1, it is enough to run the following setxkbmap command from an X Terminal Window (assuming you have correct fonts installed): setxkbmap sk setxkbmap si setxkbmap de
qwerty or qwertz means that the letter z Z and y Y are swapped.
To see a variety of language maps (symbols), look in the file symbols.dir in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb directory.
Some X Window managers override .Xmodmap setting. If .Xmodmap isn't read by X automatically after starting the X Window System, a good way is to force the system to read it from your root (home) directory. You will do this by issuing the following command from an X terminal window:
xmodmap /.Xmodmap
After I installed the Slovak keyboard in KDE with Xmodmap file that used the standard definitions for ISO8859-2 keycode entities (lcaron, scaron, etc.), I couldn't write in Slovak or Czech, so I made few changes to the Xmodmap file explained later in this file. After applying these changes, no other changes were necessary.
Put the following in your .bash_profile:
export LANG=language
OR
OR for csh shell
setenv LANG=langauge
and have the standard Xmodmap file in your home directory. If you ask me where you may obtain such "standard" Xmodmap files, go to GNOME ../share directory. The file /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias contains the aliases for langauges, so look there in order to find out what is ca_ES or br_FR (the exact syntax for your language to use - you cannot write "croatia" but you must write "croatian", not "Croatian"; this is very important, as Unix is case sensitive).
Now you must install the pertinent language fonts and put path in XF86Config file to these fonts. If you want to internationalize your keyboard, use the standard Xmodmap definitions first and use right alt to switch between keyboards (if you use GNOME Xmodmap files). If it does not work, do the following:
a) Copy the "Compose" file from: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-2 to: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1 directory (yes, iso8859-1, not iso8859-2). Back up the original "Compose" file if you want
b) Put the included .Xmodmap file to your root directory (Slovak language, or make your own .Xmodmap file, or choose from the ones listed here).
c) Install ISO8859-2 fonts (or other pertinent fonts).
You may try to issue the command:
xset q
to see which fonts are in your path.
If you want to add fonts in your path from the X Window System, issue the command:
xset fp+ /usr/fonts_path
xset fp rehash
d) Disable every "Scroll Lock" uncommented line in your XF86Config, because our .Xmodmap file for the Slovak language uses the Scroll Lock to switch between keyboards.
e) Put the appropriate fontpath for your newly installed fonts in the XF86Config file, if necessary (Mandrake 7.2 and other OS's may not require this). The Xmodmap solution may be applied to all X keyboards of your choice.
First, I must say that in my solution (in older XFree86 versions), different mapping is used for Xmodmap keycodes for some ISO8859-2 keycode entities. ISO8859-2 definitions (keycode entities) like lcaron, zcaron actually do not work. This means that the ISO8859-1 definitions must be used instead and they will either give you what they say they are (aacute [á ?, eacute [é ?, etc.), or they will not give you what they say they are (using ISO8859-2 fonts, putting "threequarters" in your .Xmodmap file will not give you "3/4" but "z" with a caron, a reversed ^ above it). For example, "mu" will give lcaron, "oslash" rcaron, etc.
However, other key definitions, for example, adieresis (a with two dots above it), uacute (u with a slash above it), as well as dead_diaeresis do not require a substitution of other definitions and work pretty well, as they're defined everywhere (a dead key is a key you press, hold it, yet nothing happens, but after pressing another key you will get a special letter).
The original "Compose" file in ../iso8859-1 directory can be fully utilized for English, Slovak or Czech keyboard layouts (Polish, Hungarian, Slovenian, Croatian) in some older XFree86 distributions, but there is only one problem - dead keys do not work. That's why you have to copy the "Compose" file from the iso8859-2 directory to iso8859-1 directory, or alternatively, you can edit the "Compose" file in iso8859-1 directory.
You can leave the Keyboard section in your XF86Config file without much change. Put (if it's not already there) the following in the "Keyboard" section:
Section "Keyboard"
Protocol "Standard"
Force the system to read the xmodmap map by issuing the command: "xmodmap /.Xmodmap". Alternatively, you can have 60 .Xmodmap files like .Xmo1, .Xmo2, .Xmo3, .Xmo4, etc., and you may force the system to read them (xmodmap /.Xmo1). The dot means it is a hidden file and it is not necessary. You may also have xmo1, xmo2, or xmo3 Xmodmap files.
can transport documents to a M$ platform. In my Mandrake 8.0, !StarOffice 6.0 was internationalized immediately after using my standard Xmodmap solution. All the fonts worked. However, with !StarOffice 5.2 this is not the case. In !StarOffice 5.2, you must add X fonts to !StarOffice's fonts directory. Here is a script that will do it for you. Cut it, name it "so52", make it executable (chmod +x so52), copy it to the StarOffice5.2/share/xp3 directory and execute it there.
-------------------------------cut_here-----------------------------------
STAR_OFFICE_ROOT=/mnt/StarOffice5.2
FONTS_DIR=/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/ISO8859-2/Type1
XP3_DIR=$STAR_OFFICE_ROOT/share/xp3
if [ -e $XP3_DIR/psstd.fonts.il2?; then
echo "Changes were already done!"
echo "If there's a problem, delete the file"
echo " $XP3_DIR/psstd.fonts.il2"
exit 1
fi
if [ -e $FONTS_DIR/afm?; then
AFM_DIR=$FONTS_DIR/afm
else
AFM_DIR=$FONTS_DIR
fi
ln -sf $AFM_DIR/*.[aA?[fF?[mM? $XP3_DIR/fontmetrics/afm
ln -sf $FONTS_DIR/*.[pP?[fF?[bB? $XP3_DIR/pssoftfonts
grep "\.pf" $FONTS_DIR/fonts.dir \
| sed -e 's/\.pfb /, /g' -e 's/-0-0-0-0-/-%d-%d-%d-%d-/g' \
b $XP3_DIR/psstd.fonts.il2
cat $XP3_DIR/psstd.fonts.il2 bb $XP3_DIR/psstd.fonts
------------------------------------cut_here-----------------------------
languages, but a converter from iso8859-2 to win1250 encoding is necessary in order to transport ISO8859-2 documents to M$ platform. For html documents this is not necessary.
If you want to edit and make your own .Xmodmap keyboard layout definitions, I'll explain one line of the .Xmodmap file to make clear what you should do.
This explanation can be used for all keycodes. For example, the line:
keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8
(note: keycode 0x11 is derived from the "xkeycaps" utility; you can also use the X Window "xev" utility to explore keyboard puzzles.)
says that the first pair, the default one, (number "8" and "asterisk") will display number "8" when you press keycode 0x11 ("8"), will display asterisk when a "shift" key is pressed. After pressing the Scroll Lock, there's another definition: ISO_NEXT_GROUP, which means that when you press the default "8" key, no "8" will be displayed, but aacute (""); when you press the "shift" key, number "8" will be displayed. So if you change "aacute" and "8", anything you put instead of "aacute" and "8" will be displayed, for example:
keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk semicolon colon
will give you "semicolon" and "colon" in your 0x11 keycode after pressing the Scroll Lock.
The ISO_NEXT_GROUP is defined by another line. If this line is not defined, you will be able to use only two definitions ("8" and "asterisk") - look at my .Xmodmap file. If you delete the ISO_NEXT_GROUP (the next pair of definitions on the right), you will have only one group of keyboard definitions ("8" and "asterisk"). Be careful when editing the .Xmodmap file. You mustn't delete definitions that enable utilization of the Scroll Lock unless you know what you are doing (or you map the second keyboard by right Alt). These are the lines such as:
keycode 0x4e = ISO_Next_Group
add mod5 = ISO_Next_Group,
etc. You must also keep in mind that Unixes are case sensitive. If you want to find out more about keycodes, install the package "xkeycaps" or use "xev".
_cut_here___
keycode 0x09 = Escape
keycode 0x43 = F1 F11 F1 Multi_key
keycode 0x44 = F2 F12 F2 F12
keycode 0x45 = F3 F13 F3 F13 idiaeresis
keycode 0x46 = F4 F14 F4 F14 mu yen
keycode 0x47 = F5 F15 F5 F15 guillemotright guillemotleft
keycode 0x48 = F6 F16 F6 F16 ograve
keycode 0x49 = F7 F17 F7 dead_abovedot oacute
keycode 0x4A = F8 F18 F8 dead_breve acute
keycode 0x4B = F9 F19 F9 dead_cedilla ugrave
keycode 0x4C = F10 F20 F10 dead_ogonek
keycode 0x5F = F11 F21 dead_acute dead_caron
keycode 0x60 = F12 F22 dead_abovering dead_diaeresis
keycode 0x6F = Print Execute dead_iota
keycode 0x4E = ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x6E = Pause
keycode 0x31 = grave asciitilde semicolon dead_diaeresis
keycode 0x0A = 1 exclam plus 1
keycode 0x0B = 2 at mu 2
keycode 0x0C = 3 numbersign onesuperior 3
keycode 0x0D = 4 dollar egrave 4
keycode 0x0E = 5 percent 0x0bb 5
keycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircum threequarters 6
keycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand yacute 7
keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8
keycode 0x12 = 9 parenleft iacute 9
keycode 0x13 = 0 parenright eacute 0
keycode 0x14 = minus underscore equal percent
keycode 0x15 = equal plus dead_acute dead_caron
keycode 0x33 = backslash bar ograve parenright
keycode 0x16 = !BackSpace?
keycode 0x6A = Insert
keycode 0x61 = Home
keycode 0x63 = Prior
keycode 0x4D = Num_Lock Pointer_!EnableKeys?
keycode 0x70 = KP_Divide slash
keycode 0x3F = KP_Multiply asterisk
keycode 0x52 = KP_Subtract minus
keycode 0x17 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab
keycode 0x18 = q Q
keycode 0x19 = w W
keycode 0x1A = e E
keycode 0x1B = r R
keycode 0x1C = t T
keycode 0x1D = y Y z Z
keycode 0x1E = u U
keycode 0x1F = i I
keycode 0x20 = o O
keycode 0x21 = p P
keycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleft acute slash
keycode 0x23 = bracketright braceright diaeresis parenleft
keycode 0x24 = Return
keycode 0x6B = Delete
keycode 0x67 = End
keycode 0x69 = Next
keycode 0x4F = KP_Home 7 KP_Home
keycode 0x50 = KP_Up 8
keycode 0x51 = KP_Prior 9
keycode 0x56 = KP_Add plus
keycode 0x42 = Caps_Lock
keycode 0x26 = a A
keycode 0x27 = s S
keycode 0x28 = d D
keycode 0x29 = f F
keycode 0x2A = g G
keycode 0x2B = h H
keycode 0x2C = j J
keycode 0x2D = k K
keycode 0x2E = l L
keycode 0x2F = semicolon colon ocircumflex quotedbl
keycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedbl section exclam
keycode 0x53 = KP_Left 4
keycode 0x54 = KP_Begin 5
keycode 0x55 = KP_Right 6
keycode 0x32 = Shift_L ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x34 = z Z y Y
keycode 0x35 = x X
keycode 0x36 = c C
keycode 0x37 = v V
keycode 0x38 = b B
keycode 0x39 = n N
keycode 0x3A = m M
keycode 0x3B = comma less comma question
keycode 0x3C = period greater period colon
keycode 0x3D = slash question minus underscore
keycode 0x3E = Shift_R
keycode 0x62 = Up
keycode 0x57 = KP_End 1
keycode 0x58 = KP_Down 2
keycode 0x59 = KP_Next 3
keycode 0x6C = KP_Enter Return
keycode 0x25 = Control_L ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x40 = Meta_L Alt_L
keycode 0x41 = space
keycode 0x71 = Alt_R Meta_R
keycode 0x6D = Control_R
keycode 0x64 = Left
keycode 0x68 = Down
keycode 0x66 = Right
keycode 0x5A = KP_Insert 0
keycode 0x5B = KP_Delete period
clear Shift
clear Control
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
clear Mod3
clear Mod4
clear Mod5
add Shift = Shift_L Shift_R
add Control = Control_L Control_R
add Mod1 = Meta_L Alt_R
add Mod2 = Num_Lock
add Mod5 = ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x73 = ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x74 = dead_acute dead_diaeresis
keycode 0x75 = dead_caron dead_abovering
_cut_here_
You may find almost any xmodmap file in the GNOME directory in (SuSE) /opt/gnome/share/xmodmap (with standard ISO8859-1,2 and other definitions). To switch between the keyboards, use right Alt.
The purpose of the following info is to help you build any .Xmodmap keyboard layout with ISO8859-2 or other fonts. The ISO8859-2 Character Set file is included here for you to know which names are used for pertinent keys. You should not bother about the numbers, but notice how keys are named. Much of this information is useful to build a keyboard with ISO8859-1 characters only, or a combination of East European characters and Western characters. If you're going to use other languages than the Central European or Western European ones, find a pertinent table for your ISO*** character set on Internet. The gdkkeysyms.h file, that contains all the crazy names for keycode entities including hexcodes, is in (older versions of !RedHat) /usr/include/gdk/ directory. If no gdkkeysyms.h file is on your sustem, see the file /usr/X11R6/include/X11/keysymdef.h, or try to look in /lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/i386-linux/GTK/keysyms.pm (it also contains names of keycode entities including hex codes). If you have a newer version of PERL, the "5.6.0" may differ. The similar should apply to other systems (FreeBSD), as all these use PERL.
Xmodmap entity Visually
space
exclam !
quotedbl "
numbersign #
dollar $
percent
ampersand 8
quoteright '
parenleft (
parenright )
asterisk *
plus +
comma ,
hyphen -
period .
slash /
zero 0
one 1
two 2
three 3
four 4
five 5
six 6
seven 7
eight 8
nine 9
colon :
semicolon ;
less ` `
equal =
greater b b
question ?
at @
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
L L
M M
N N
O O
P P
Q Q
R R
S S
T T
U U
V V
W W
X X
Y Y
Z Z
bracketleft [[
backslash \
bracketright ]
asciicircum ^
underscore _
quoteleft `
a a
b b
c c
d d
e e
f f
g g
h h
i i
j j
k k
l l
m m
n n
p p
q q
r r
s s
t t
u u
v v
w w
x x
y y
z z
braceleft {
bar |
braceright }
tilde
space
Aogonek
breve
Lslash
currency
Lcaron
Sacute
section
dieresis
Scaron
Scedilla
Tcaron
Zacute
hyphen
Zcaron
Zdotaccent
degree
aogonek
ogonek
lslash
acute
lcaron
sacute
caron
cedilla
scaron
scedilla
tcaron
zacute
hungarumlaut
zcaron
zdotaccent
Racute
Aacute
Acircumflex
Abreve
Adieresis
Lacute
Cacute
Ccedilla
Ccaron
Eacute
Eogonek
Edieresis
Ecaron
Iacute
Icircumflex
Dcaron
Eth
Nacute
Ncaron
Oacute
Ocircumflex
Ohungarumlaut
Odieresis
multiply
Rcaron
Uring
Uacute
hungarumlaut
Udieresis
Yacute
Tcedilla
germandbls
racute
aacute
acircumflex
abreve
adieresis
lacute
cacute
ccedilla
ccaron
eacute
eogonek
edieresis
ecaron
iacute
icircumflex
dcaron
dbar
nacute
ncaron
oacute
ocircumflex
ohungarumlaut
odieresis
divide
rcaron
uring
uacute
uhungarumlaut
udieresis
yacute
tcedilla
dotaccent
First, if you are using older systems, try to see if standard definitions will give you (after installing pertinent fonts and building Xmodmap with keyboard definitions for X) what they say they are. If they will not give you what they say they are (some keycodes will be unfunctional), then put to your bash_profile the "export LANG=language" statement and if you are still unsuccessful, you must make a substitution. Definitions which will not give you what they say they are can be traced by their visual shape in Western Latin 1 encoding. If you are a Czech, for example, you may issue a command:
setxkbmap -model pc102 -symbols 'czsk(us_cz_qwertz)' setxkbmap cs -option grp:shift_toggle
and see what will give you an X terminal window (press both Shift keys or press alt and hold it to see the other keyboard layout). This means that by pressing a letter "3" you will get a real "onesuperior" key. It is good that X terminal window does not make use of ISO8859-2 fonts now, so you will see what you must use instead of scaron (scaron = onesuperior). By putting "onesuperior" in an .Xmodmap file you will get a REAL "scaron", but obviously, only with use of ISO8859-2 fonts (with use of ISO8859-1 fonts, you will get a REAL "onesuperior").
Thus, the X Terminal window will show you fonts like micron, onesuperior, threequarters, and so on. You will see what you must substitute. But if you don't know what "?" is called in the ISO terminology, find and download an appropriate character set table for ISO8859-1, or look in gdkkeysyms.h file, /lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/i386-linux/GTK/keysyms.pm file, or ../ISO8859-1/Compose file. Alternatively, you may experiment with all codes defined in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/ISO8859-1/Compose file. You must use the ISO8859-1 entities when the system refuses to display the ISO8859-2 entities correctly.
The following symbols on your right is what I found out through my research. This is just an example. When you use a "Pound" definition in the Xmodmap file, the X Window System will display you a Lslash instead (in relation to using iso8859-2 fonts, of course). When you choose some easy KDE text editor, select iso8859-2 fonts charset from the fonts menu. NOTE: vowel *acute (uacute, eacute, etc.) signs require no substitution, therefore I omitted iacute, aacute, etc., here.
ISO8859-1 entity will give you the: ISO8859-2 entity
in our nonstandard or experimental Xmodmap keycode definition
egrave ccaron
ugrave uring
agrave racute
ecircumflex "c" with something at the bottom of it
ucircumflex Lslash "Pound" in Xmodmap gives you Lslash.
Lcaron Writing "yen" will give us Lcaron
Scaron copyright (will give us Scaron)
Tcaron guillemotleft (will give us Tcaron)
Zcaron registered
lcaron mu
scaron onesuperior
tcaron guillemotright
zcaron threequarters
Cacute AE
Eogonek find out yourself
Edieresis Edieresis
ecaron igrave
onequarter zacute
questiondown z with a ring above it
Dcaron find out yourself
Ooblique Rcaron
thorn t with something at the bottom of it
Sterling Lstroke
yen Lcaron
copyright Scaron
brokenbar Sacute
macron Z with something above it
paragraph sacute
periodcentered caron
masculine s with something at the bottom of it
onequarter zacute
ecircumflex d with a line above it
ETH Dstroke
Ntilde Nacute
Otilde O with two dots above it
registered Zcaron
Nacute Ograve
nacute ograve
Ocircumflex Ocircumflex
ccaron egrave
nacute ntilde
sect1bISO* specifications
The example of a Standard .Xmodmap file. Use this file if X Server correctly displays lcaron, scaron, etc., in newer versions of XFree86.
http://people.netscape.com/jwz/xkeycaps/ This is an .Xmodmap solution forkeycode 0x09 = Escape
keycode 0x43 = F1 F11 F1 Multi_key
keycode 0x44 = F2 F12 F2 F12
keycode 0x45 = F3 F13 F3 F13 idiaeresis
keycode 0x46 = F4 F14 F4 F14 mu yen
keycode 0x47 = F5 F15 F5 F15 guillemotright guillemotleft
keycode 0x48 = F6 F16 F6 F16 ograve
keycode 0x49 = F7 F17 F7 dead_abovedot oacute
keycode 0x4A = F8 F18 F8 dead_breve uacute
keycode 0x4B = F9 F19 F9 dead_cedilla ugrave
keycode 0x4C = F10 F20 F10 dead_ogonek
keycode 0x5F = F11 F21 dead_acute dead_caron
keycode 0x60 = F12 F22 dead_abovering dead_diaeresis
keycode 0x6F = Print Execute dead_iota
keycode 0x4E = ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x6E = Pause
keycode 0x31 = grave asciitilde semicolon dead_diaeresis
keycode 0x0A = 1 exclam plus 1
keycode 0x0B = 2 at lcaron 2
keycode 0x0C = 3 numbersign scaron 3
keycode 0x0D = 4 dollar ccaron 4
keycode 0x0E = 5 percent tcaron 5
keycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircum zcaron 6
keycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand yacute 7
keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8
keycode 0x12 = 9 parenleft iacute 9
keycode 0x13 = 0 parenright eacute 0
keycode 0x14 = minus underscore equal percent
keycode 0x15 = equal plus dead_acute dead_caron
keycode 0x33 = backslash bar ncaron parenright
keycode 0x16 = !BackSpace?
keycode 0x6A = Insert
keycode 0x61 = Home
keycode 0x63 = Prior
keycode 0x4D = Num_Lock Pointer_!EnableKeys?
keycode 0x70 = KP_Divide slash
keycode 0x3F = KP_Multiply asterisk
keycode 0x52 = KP_Subtract minus
keycode 0x17 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab
keycode 0x18 = q Q
keycode 0x19 = w W
keycode 0x1A = e E
keycode 0x1B = r R
keycode 0x1C = t T
keycode 0x1D = y Y z Z
keycode 0x1E = u U
keycode 0x1F = i I
keycode 0x20 = o O
keycode 0x21 = p P
keycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleft uacute slash
keycode 0x23 = bracketright braceright adiaeresis parenleft
keycode 0x24 = Return
keycode 0x6B = Delete
keycode 0x67 = End
keycode 0x69 = Next
keycode 0x4F = KP_Home 7 KP_Home
keycode 0x50 = KP_Up 8
keycode 0x51 = KP_Prior 9
keycode 0x56 = KP_Add plus
keycode 0x42 = Caps_Lock
keycode 0x26 = a A
keycode 0x27 = s S
keycode 0x28 = d D
keycode 0x29 = f F
keycode 0x2A = g G
keycode 0x2B = h H
keycode 0x2C = j J
keycode 0x2D = k K
keycode 0x2E = l L
keycode 0x2F = semicolon colon ocircumflex quotedbl
keycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedbl section exclam
keycode 0x53 = KP_Left 4
keycode 0x54 = KP_Begin 5
keycode 0x55 = KP_Right 6
keycode 0x32 = Shift_L ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x34 = z Z y Y
keycode 0x35 = x X
keycode 0x36 = c C
keycode 0x37 = v V
keycode 0x38 = b B
keycode 0x39 = n N
keycode 0x3A = m M
keycode 0x3B = comma less comma question
keycode 0x3C = period greater period colon
keycode 0x3D = slash question minus underscore
keycode 0x3E = Shift_R
keycode 0x62 = Up
keycode 0x57 = KP_End 1
keycode 0x58 = KP_Down 2
keycode 0x59 = KP_Next 3
keycode 0x6C = KP_Enter Return
keycode 0x25 = Control_L ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x40 = Meta_L Alt_L
keycode 0x41 = space
keycode 0x71 = Alt_R Meta_R
keycode 0x6D = Control_R
keycode 0x64 = Left
keycode 0x68 = Down
keycode 0x66 = Right
keycode 0x5A = KP_Insert 0
keycode 0x5B = KP_Delete period
clear Shift
clear Control
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
clear Mod3
clear Mod4
clear Mod5
add Shift = Shift_L Shift_R
add Control = Control_L Control_R
add Mod1 = Meta_L Alt_R
add Mod2 = Num_Lock
add Mod5 = ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x73 = ISO_Next_Group
keycode 0x74 = dead_acute dead_diaeresis
keycode 0x75 = dead_caron dead_abovering
No LANG=language statement is necessary in your bash_profile. You may use the Xmodmap file with standard ISO8859-2 keycode definitions, the above .Xmodmap file, (not "threequarters" but "scaron", etc.). Unfortunately, although you may immediately start writing with ISO8859-2 keycodes, the dead keys are not working properly and export LANG=language does not work here in order to make these dead keys work. There's also some bug with fonts or something - KDE 2.0 (or older XFree does not properly handle ISO8859-2 fonts together with Xmodmap. Old kedit, newest GNOME's gedit and !StarOffice 5.2 work well (after applying the above script for !StarOffice 5.2).
After copying the Compose file from /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-2/ to the /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/, you may start elegantly working with dead keys. This was also tested on !StarOffice 5.2. The !FontPath? must be in /etc/XF86Config, not in /etc/X11/Xf86Config.
Same as above.
Yes, it works as it should - I used the "kcmshell Personalization/kcmlayout", command, which is in the menu in Configuration b KDE b Personalization b keyboard layout and after just putting the LANG=language statement in my .bash_profile, !StarOffice worked immediately (with ISO8859-2 fonts added to its directory) and I only switched the keyboards. I chose Czechoslovakian as the second language and could write in Czech with ISO8859-2 characters on my screen. (I used the script for putting the ISO8859-2 fonts for
ISO8859-2 fonts and after switching the keyboard and selecting ISO8859-2 charset I saw this: ??????? instead of lcaron, scaron, etc., but *acute symbols (uacute, aacute, etc.) displayed well.
The maps in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols can be modified on the fly, while in X; you only have to switch keyboards from the panel (click on a flag icon). You can edit those maps and modify them for your choice. After changing some Czech definitions to Slovak, !StarOffice displayed them well.
Apply the standard .Xmodmap keycodes (scaron, lcaron, not "threequarters" or "mu", etc.) and issue the command: "xmodmap /.Xmodmap" and you may work by switching the keyboards by pressing Scroll Lock (if you use my Xmodmap file; if you use other Xmodmap file, try right Alt or whatever that is defined in the Xmodmap file).
The !FontPath? statement in /etc/X11/XF86Config and /etc/X11/XF86Config does not have to be changed:
The XFree86 reads automatically your fonts, but I put the ISO8859-2 fonts to /usr/share/fonts directory (same as in !RedHat). Surprisingly, you do not have to copy the ../ISO8859-2/Compose file to ../ISO8859-1 directory and dead keys work nice.
This distribution works well as it should. In KDE, you must open the menu: Start b Preferences b Personalization b Country and Language, where you will change CHARSET from ISO8859-1 to ISO8859-2 (or ISO8859-X for any other language of your choice). Then you may either select a keyboard layout - Peripherals, Keyboard (Slovak is included with dozens of other keyboard XKB maps) from the menu: Start b Configuration b KDE b Personalisation b Peripherals b Keyboard, or you may choose my Standard Xmodmap solution. No other files require editing. That's great! Alternatively, you can set your keyboard with setxkbmap command (see section FreeBSD 4.4).
No LANG=language statement is necessary in your bash_profile. Here the "experimental" .Xmodmap solution works ("mu" instead of "lcaron", etc.) and you must copy the Compose file from ../IS08859-2 to ISO8859-1 directory in order for dead keys to work. There is only one XF86Config file in /etc/X11 and its !FontPath? should be the same as in SuSE 7.0 above.
Same as Mandrake 8.1.
Same as with !RedHat 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2
No LANG=language statement is necessary in your bash_profile. But you must put this to /etc/profile: LANG=cs_CZ.ISO_8859-2; export LANG
FreeBSD 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 does not use Slovak locale, so we must use the Czech one. It really does not matter. Here this depends on XFree86. Because the FreeBSD guys are too conservative about a newer software, they ship FreeBSD with older versions of XFree86. In FreeBSD 4.1 the experimental .Xmodmap solution works and you have to copy the ../ISO8859-2/Compose file to ../ISO8859-1 directory to make the dead keys work.
The Standard xmodmap solution works well. You must put this to /etc/profile:
LANG=cs_CZ.ISO_8859-2; export LANG
Yes, we will use the Czech locale for the Slovak language. Other languages require similar syntax, e.g.: LANG=it_IT.ISO_8859-1; export LANG
for the Italian language. Alternatively, you may use
setxkbmap si
as a command from an X Terminal for the Slovenian language
setxkbmap se
for Swedish
setxkbmap de
for German, etc.
A brief overview of XKB maps:
am Armenian keyboard
be Belgian
de German
ca Canadian
cs Czech
dk Danish
es Spanish
fi Finnish
fr French
gb Great Britain
hu Hungarian
is Iceland
it Italian
jp Japanese
no Norwegian
pl Polish
pt Portugese
ro Romanian
ru Russian
se Swedish
si Slovenian
Same as with FreeBSD 3.x - experimental Xmodmap solution.
ISO8859-0 old, replaced by ISO 8859-14 and ISO 8859-15.
ISO8859-1 Western Europe: Danish, Dutch, English, Faeroese, Finnish, Flemish, French, German, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. Many other languages can be written with this.
ISO8859-2 Eastern Europe: Czech, Slovak, English, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Slovene.
ISO8859-3 English, Esperanto, Galician, Maltese and Turkish.
ISO8859-4 English, Baltic languages - Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Scandinavian languages - Danish, Faeroese, Icelandic, Lappish, Norwegian, and Swedish.
ISO8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic alphabet: Bulgarian, Byelorussian, English, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian.
ISO8859-6 Latin/Arabic alphabet: English, Arabic.
ISO8859-7 Latin/Greek alphabet: English, Greek.
ISO8859-8 Latin/Hebrew alphabet: English, Hebrew.
ISO8859-9 Latin alphabet: Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, formed by extending ISO8859-1.
ISO8859-10 Latin alphabet: Modification of ISO8859-4
ISO8859-11 Latin/Thai alphabet.
ISO8859-12 Reserved.
ISO8859-13 Baltic.
ISO8859-14 Celtic
ISO8859-15 Similar to Latin-1
ISO8859-16 Albanian, Croatian, English, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Latin, Polish, Romanian, Slovenian, Lithuanian, and Scandinavian languages (Danish, Faeroese, Icelandic.
Please note: I'am not the author of these files and don't mail me if you find something incorrect in them. These files were taken from the GNOME distribution and the main focus of this howto is to tell you how to map various keycode entities. Use right Alt to switch the keyboard.
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
keycode 9 = Escape Escape
keycode 10 = 1 exclam
keycode 11 = 2 quotedbl twosuperior
keycode 12 = 3 section threesuperior
keycode 13 = 4 dollar dollar
keycode 14 = 5 percent
keycode 15 = 6 ampersand
keycode 16 = 7 slash braceleft
keycode 17 = 8 parenleft bracketleft
keycode 18 = 9 parenright bracketright
keycode 19 = 0 equal braceright
keycode 20 = ssharp question backslash
keycode 21 = dead_acute dead_grave
keycode 22 = !BackSpace? Delete
keycode 23 = Tab Tab
keycode 24 = q Q at
keycode 25 = w
keycode 26 = e
keycode 27 = r
keycode 28 = t
keycode 29 = z
keycode 30 = u
keycode 31 = i
keycode 32 = o
keycode 33 = p
keycode 34 = udiaeresis Udiaeresis
keycode 35 = plus asterisk dead_tilde
keycode 36 = Return
keycode 37 = Control_L
keycode 38 = a
keycode 39 = s
keycode 40 = d
keycode 41 = f
keycode 42 = g
keycode 43 = h
keycode 44 = j
keycode 45 = k
keycode 46 = l
keycode 47 = odiaeresis Odiaeresis
keycode 48 = adiaeresis Adiaeresis
keycode 49 = dead_circumflex degree
keycode 50 = Shift_L
keycode 51 = numbersign apostrophe
keycode 52 = y
keycode 53 = x
keycode 54 = c
keycode 55 = v
keycode 56 = b
keycode 57 = n
keycode 58 = m
keycode 59 = comma semicolon
keycode 60 = period colon Multi_key
keycode 61 = minus underscore
keycode 62 = Shift_R
keycode 63 = KP_Multiply
keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 65 = space space
keycode 66 = Caps_Lock
keycode 67 = F1 F11
keycode 68 = F2 F12
keycode 69 = F3 F13
keycode 70 = F4 F14
keycode 71 = F5 F15
keycode 72 = F6 F16
keycode 73 = F7 F17
keycode 74 = F8 F18
keycode 75 = F9 F19
keycode 76 = F10 F20
keycode 77 = Num_Lock
keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 79 = KP_7
keycode 80 = KP_8
keycode 81 = KP_9
keycode 82 = KP_Subtract
keycode 83 = KP_4
keycode 84 = KP_5
keycode 85 = KP_6
keycode 86 = KP_Add
keycode 87 = KP_1
keycode 88 = KP_2
keycode 89 = KP_3
keycode 90 = KP_0
keycode 91 = KP_Decimal
keycode 94 = less greater bar
keycode 95 = F11 F11
keycode 96 = F12 F12
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 113 = Mode_switch
keycode 114 = Break
keycode 110 = Find
keycode 98 = Up
keycode 99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 115 = Select
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
keycode 116 = Mode_switch
keycode 117 = Multi_key
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
keycode 9 = Escape
keycode 10 = 1 apostrophe asciitilde
keycode 11 = 2 quotedbl dead_caron
keycode 12 = 3 plus dead_circumflex
keycode 13 = 4 exclam dead_breve
keycode 14 = 5 percent degree
keycode 15 = 6 slash dead_ogonek
keycode 16 = 7 equal dead_grave
keycode 17 = 8 parenleft dead_abovedot
keycode 18 = 9 parenright dead_acute
keycode 19 = odiaeresis Odiaeresis dead_doubleacute
keycode 20 = udiaeresis Udiaeresis dead_diaeresis
keycode 21 = oacute Oacute dead_cedilla
keycode 22 = !BackSpace? Delete
keycode 23 = Tab Tab
keycode 24 = q Q backslash
keycode 25 = w W bar
keycode 26 = e E currency
keycode 27 = r
keycode 28 = t
keycode 29 = z
keycode 30 = u
keycode 31 = i I iacute Iacute
keycode 32 = o
keycode 33 = p
keycode 34 = odoubleacute Odoubleacute division
keycode 35 = uacute Uacute
keycode 36 = Return
keycode 37 = Control_L
keycode 38 = a
keycode 39 = s S dstroke
keycode 40 = d D Dstroke
keycode 41 = f F bracketleft
keycode 42 = g G bracketright
keycode 43 = h
keycode 44 = j J Iacute iacute
keycode 45 = k K lstroke Lstroke
keycode 46 = l L Lstroke lstroke
keycode 47 = eacute Eacute dollar
keycode 48 = aacute Aacute ssharp
keycode 49 = 0 section
keycode 50 = Shift_L
keycode 51 = udoubleacute Udoubleacute currency
keycode 52 = y Y greater
keycode 53 = x X numbersign
keycode 54 = c C ampersand
keycode 55 = v V at
keycode 56 = b B braceleft
keycode 57 = n N braceright
keycode 58 = m
keycode 59 = comma question semicolon
keycode 60 = period colon Multi_key
keycode 61 = minus underscore asterisk
keycode 62 = Shift_R
keycode 63 = KP_Multiply
keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 65 = space space
keycode 66 = Caps_Lock
keycode 67 = F1 F11
keycode 68 = F2 F12
keycode 69 = F3 F13
keycode 70 = F4 F14
keycode 71 = F5 F15
keycode 72 = F6 F16
keycode 73 = F7 F17
keycode 74 = F8 F18
keycode 75 = F9 F19
keycode 76 = F10 F20
keycode 77 = Num_Lock
keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 79 = KP_7
keycode 80 = KP_8
keycode 81 = KP_9
keycode 82 = KP_Subtract
keycode 83 = KP_4
keycode 84 = KP_5
keycode 85 = KP_6
keycode 86 = KP_Add
keycode 87 = KP_1
keycode 88 = KP_2
keycode 89 = KP_3
keycode 90 = KP_0
keycode 91 = KP_Decimal
keycode 94 = iacute Iacute less
keycode 95 = F11 F11
keycode 96 = F12 F12
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 113 = Mode_switch
keycode 114 = Break
keycode 110 = Find
keycode 98 = Up
keycode 99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 115 = Select
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
keycode 107 = Delete
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
keycode 9 = Escape Escape
keycode 10 = plus 1 asciitilde
keycode 11 = ecaron 2 dead_caron
keycode 12 = scaron 3 asciicircum
keycode 13 = ccaron 4 dead_breve
keycode 14 = rcaron 5 degree
keycode 15 = zcaron 6 dead_ogonek
keycode 16 = yacute 7 dead_grave
keycode 17 = aacute 8 dead_abovedot
keycode 18 = iacute 9 dead_acute
keycode 19 = eacute 0 dead_doubleacute
keycode 20 = equal percent dead_diaeresis
keycode 21 = dead_acute dead_caron dead_cedilla
keycode 22 = !BackSpace? Delete
keycode 23 = Tab Tab
keycode 24 = q Q backslash
keycode 25 = w W bar
keycode 26 = e E currency
keycode 27 = r
keycode 28 = t
keycode 29 = z
keycode 30 = u
keycode 31 = i
keycode 32 = o
keycode 33 = p
keycode 34 = uacute slash division
keycode 35 = parenright parenleft
keycode 36 = Return
keycode 37 = Control_L
keycode 38 = a
keycode 39 = s S dstroke Dstroke
keycode 40 = d D Dstroke dstroke
keycode 41 = f F bracketleft
keycode 42 = g G bracketright
keycode 43 = h
keycode 44 = j
keycode 45 = k K lstroke Lstroke
keycode 46 = l L Lstroke lstroke
keycode 47 = uring quotedbl dollar
keycode 48 = section exclam ssharp
keycode 49 = semicolon degree
keycode 50 = Shift_L
keycode 51 = dead_diaeresis dead_acute currency
keycode 52 = y Y greater
keycode 53 = x X numbersign
keycode 54 = c
keycode 55 = v V at
keycode 56 = b B braceleft
keycode 57 = n N braceright
keycode 58 = m
keycode 59 = comma question
keycode 60 = period colon Multi_key
keycode 61 = minus underscore
keycode 62 = Shift_R
keycode 63 = KP_Multiply
keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 65 = space space
keycode 66 = Caps_Lock
keycode 67 = F1 F11
keycode 68 = F2 F12
keycode 69 = F3 F13
keycode 70 = F4 F14
keycode 71 = F5 F15
keycode 72 = F6 F16
keycode 73 = F7 F17
keycode 74 = F8 F18
keycode 75 = F9 F19
keycode 76 = F10 F20
keycode 77 = Num_Lock
keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 79 = KP_7
keycode 80 = KP_8
keycode 81 = KP_9
keycode 82 = KP_Subtract
keycode 83 = KP_4
keycode 84 = KP_5
keycode 85 = KP_6
keycode 86 = KP_Add
keycode 87 = KP_1
keycode 88 = KP_2
keycode 89 = KP_3
keycode 90 = KP_0
keycode 94 = ampersand asterisk less
keycode 95 = F11 F11
keycode 96 = F12 F12
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 113 = Mode_switch
keycode 114 = Break
keycode 110 = Find
keycode 98 = Up
keycode 99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 115 = Select
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
keycode 116 = Mode_switch
keycode 117 = Multi_key
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
keycode 0x09 = Escape
keycode 0x43 = F1
keycode 0x44 = F2
keycode 0x45 = F3
keycode 0x46 = F4
keycode 0x47 = F5
keycode 0x48 = F6
keycode 0x49 = F7
keycode 0x4A = F8
keycode 0x4B = F9
keycode 0x4C = F10
keycode 0x5F = F11
keycode 0x60 = F12
keycode 0x6F = Print
keycode 0x4E = Multi_key
keycode 0x6E = Pause
keycode 0x31 = grave asciitilde
keycode 0x0A = 1 exclam
keycode 0x0B = 2 at
keycode 0x0C = 3 numbersign
keycode 0x0D = 4 dollar
keycode 0x0E = 5 percent
keycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircum
keycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand section
keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk
keycode 0x12 = 9 parenleft
keycode 0x13 = 0 parenright
keycode 0x14 = minus underscore
keycode 0x15 = equal plus
keycode 0x33 = backslash bar
keycode 0x16 = !BackSpace?
keycode 0x6A = Insert
keycode 0x61 = Home
keycode 0x63 = Prior
keycode 0x4D = Num_Lock
keycode 0x70 = KP_Divide
keycode 0x3F = KP_Multiply
keycode 0x52 = KP_Subtract
keycode 0x17 = Tab
keycode 0x18 = Q
keycode 0x19 = W
keycode 0x1A = e E eogonek Eogonek
keycode 0x1B = R
keycode 0x1C = T
keycode 0x1D = Y
keycode 0x1E = U
keycode 0x1F = I
keycode 0x20 = o O oacute Oacute
keycode 0x21 = P
keycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleft
keycode 0x23 = bracketright braceright
keycode 0x24 = Return
keycode 0x6B = Delete
keycode 0x67 = End
keycode 0x69 = Next
keycode 0x4F = KP_7
keycode 0x50 = KP_8
keycode 0x51 = KP_9
keycode 0x56 = KP_Add
keycode 0x42 = Caps_Lock
keycode 0x26 = a A aogonek Aogonek
keycode 0x27 = s S sacute Sacute
keycode 0x28 = D
keycode 0x29 = F
keycode 0x2A = G
keycode 0x2B = H
keycode 0x2C = J
keycode 0x2D = K
keycode 0x2E = l L lstroke Lstroke
keycode 0x2F = semicolon colon
keycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedbl
keycode 0x53 = KP_4
keycode 0x54 = KP_5
keycode 0x55 = KP_6
keycode 0x32 = Shift_L
keycode 0x34 = z Z zabovedot Zabovedot
keycode 0x35 = x X zacute Zacute
keycode 0x36 = c C cacute Cacute
keycode 0x37 = V
keycode 0x38 = B
keycode 0x39 = n N nacute Nacute
keycode 0x3A = M
keycode 0x3B = comma less
keycode 0x3C = period greater Multi_key
keycode 0x3D = slash question
keycode 0x3E = Shift_R
keycode 0x62 = Up
keycode 0x57 = KP_1
keycode 0x58 = KP_2
keycode 0x59 = KP_3
keycode 0x6C = KP_Enter
keycode 0x25 = Control_L
keycode 0x40 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 0x41 = space
keycode 0x71 = Mode_switch
keycode 0x6D = Control_R
keycode 0x64 = Left
keycode 0x68 = Down
keycode 0x66 = Right
keycode 0x5A = KP_0
keycode 0x5B = KP_Decimal
keycode 116 = Mode_switch
keycode 117 = Multi_key
clear Shift
clear Lock
clear Control
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
clear Mod3
clear Mod4
clear Mod5
add Shift = Shift_L Shift_R
add Lock = Caps_Lock
add Control = Control_L Control_R
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
keycode 9 = Escape Escape
keycode 10 = ampersand 1
keycode 11 = eacute 2 dead_tilde
keycode 12 = quotedbl 3 numbersign
keycode 13 = apostrophe 4 braceleft
keycode 14 = parenleft 5 bracketleft
keycode 15 = minus 6 bar
keycode 16 = egrave 7 dead_grave
keycode 17 = underscore 8 backslash
keycode 18 = ccedilla 9 asciicircum
keycode 19 = agrave 0 at
keycode 20 = parenright degree bracketright
keycode 21 = equal plus braceright
keycode 22 = !BackSpace?
keycode 23 = Tab Tab
keycode 24 = a
keycode 25 = z
keycode 26 = e E currency
keycode 27 = r
keycode 28 = t
keycode 29 = y
keycode 30 = u
keycode 31 = i
keycode 32 = o
keycode 33 = p
keycode 34 = dead_circumflex dead_diaeresis
keycode 35 = dollar sterling currency
keycode 36 = Return
keycode 37 = Control_L
keycode 38 = q
keycode 39 = s
keycode 40 = d
keycode 41 = f
keycode 42 = g
keycode 43 = h
keycode 44 = j
keycode 45 = k
keycode 46 = l
keycode 47 = m M
keycode 48 = ugrave percent
keycode 49 = twosuperior
keycode 50 = Shift_L
keycode 51 = asterisk mu
keycode 52 = w
keycode 53 = x
keycode 54 = c
keycode 55 = v
keycode 56 = b
keycode 57 = n
keycode 58 = comma question dead_cedilla
keycode 59 = semicolon period
keycode 60 = colon slash Multi_key
keycode 61 = exclam section
keycode 62 = Shift_R
keycode 63 = KP_Multiply
keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 65 = space space
keycode 66 = Caps_Lock
keycode 67 = F1 F11
keycode 68 = F2 F12
keycode 69 = F3 F13
keycode 70 = F4 F14
keycode 71 = F5 F15
keycode 72 = F6 F16
keycode 73 = F7 F17
keycode 74 = F8 F18
keycode 75 = F9 F19
keycode 76 = F10 F20
keycode 77 = Num_Lock
keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 79 = KP_7
keycode 80 = KP_8
keycode 81 = KP_9
keycode 82 = KP_Subtract
keycode 83 = KP_4
keycode 84 = KP_5
keycode 85 = KP_6
keycode 86 = KP_Add
keycode 87 = KP_1
keycode 88 = KP_2
keycode 89 = KP_3
keycode 90 = KP_0
keycode 92 = Sys_Req
keycode 94 = less greater bar
keycode 95 = F11 F11
keycode 96 = F12 F12
keycode 107 = Delete
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 113 = Mode_switch
keycode 114 = Break
keycode 110 = Find
keycode 98 = Up
keycode 99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
keycode 116 = Mode_switch
keycode 117 = Multi_key
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
keycode 9 = Escape
keycode 10 = 1 exclam asciitilde
keycode 11 = 2 quotedbl caron
keycode 12 = 3 numbersign asciicircum
keycode 13 = 4 dollar breve
keycode 14 = 5 percent degree
keycode 15 = 6 ampersand ogonek
keycode 16 = 7 slash grave
keycode 17 = 8 parenleft abovedot
keycode 18 = 9 parenright acute
keycode 19 = 0 equal doubleacute
keycode 20 = apostrophe question diaeresis
keycode 21 = plus asterisk cedilla
keycode 22 = Delete Delete
keycode 23 = Tab Tab
keycode 24 = q Q backslash
keycode 25 = w W bar
keycode 26 = e
keycode 27 = r
keycode 28 = t
keycode 29 = z
keycode 30 = u
keycode 31 = i
keycode 32 = o
keycode 33 = p
keycode 34 = scaron Scaron division
keycode 35 = dstroke Dstroke multiply
keycode 36 = Return
keycode 37 = Control_L
keycode 38 = a
keycode 39 = s
keycode 40 = d
keycode 41 = f F bracketleft
keycode 42 = g G bracketright
keycode 43 = h
keycode 44 = j
keycode 45 = k K lstroke
keycode 46 = l L Lstroke
keycode 47 = ccaron Ccaron
keycode 48 = cacute Cacute ssharp
keycode 49 = cedilla diaeresis
keycode 50 = Shift_L
keycode 51 = zcaron Zcaron currency
keycode 52 = y
keycode 53 = x
keycode 54 = c
keycode 55 = v V at
keycode 56 = b B braceleft
keycode 57 = n N braceright
keycode 58 = m M section
keycode 59 = comma semicolon
keycode 60 = period colon
keycode 61 = minus underscore
keycode 62 = Shift_R
keycode 63 = KP_Multiply
keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 65 = space space
keycode 66 = Caps_Lock
keycode 67 = F1 F11
keycode 68 = F2 F12
keycode 69 = F3 F13
keycode 70 = F4 F14
keycode 71 = F5 F15
keycode 72 = F6 F16
keycode 73 = F7 F17
keycode 74 = F8 F18
keycode 75 = F9 F19
keycode 76 = F10 F20
keycode 77 = Num_Lock
keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 79 = KP_7
keycode 80 = KP_8
keycode 81 = KP_9
keycode 82 = KP_Subtract
keycode 83 = KP_4
keycode 84 = KP_5
keycode 85 = KP_6
keycode 86 = KP_Add
keycode 87 = KP_1
keycode 88 = KP_2
keycode 89 = KP_3
keycode 90 = KP_0
keycode 91 = KP_Decimal
keycode 92 = X386Sys_Req
keycode 94 = less greater
keycode 95 = F11 F1
keycode 96 = F12 F12
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 113 = Mode_switch
keycode 114 = Break
keycode 110 = Find
keycode 98 = Up
keycode 99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
keycode 9 = Escape Escape
keycode 10 = exclam 1
keycode 11 = quotedbl 2 at
keycode 12 = slash 3 numbersign
keycode 13 = semicolon 4 dollar
keycode 14 = colon 5 percent
keycode 15 = comma 6 asciicircum
keycode 16 = period 7 ampersand
keycode 17 = question 8 asterisk
keycode 18 = parenleft 9
keycode 19 = parenright 0
keycode 20 = underscore minus minus underscore
keycode 21 = plus equal equal plus
keycode 22 = !BackSpace?
keycode 23 = Tab Tab
keycode 24 = aogonek Aogonek q Q
keycode 25 = zcaron Zcaron w W
keycode 26 = e E currency
keycode 27 = r
keycode 28 = t
keycode 29 = y
keycode 30 = u
keycode 31 = i
keycode 32 = o
keycode 33 = p
keycode 34 = iogonek Iogonek bracketleft braceleft
keycode 35 = leftdoublequotemark doublelowquotemark bracketright braceright
keycode 36 = Return
keycode 37 = Control_L
keycode 38 = a
keycode 39 = s
keycode 40 = d
keycode 41 = f
keycode 42 = g
keycode 43 = h
keycode 44 = j
keycode 45 = k
keycode 46 = l
keycode 47 = uogonek Uogonek semicolon colon
keycode 48 = eabovedot Eabovedot apostrophe quotedbl
keycode 49 = grave asciitilde
keycode 50 = Shift_L
keycode 51 = backslash bar
keycode 52 = z
keycode 53 = umacron Umacron x X
keycode 54 = c
keycode 55 = v
keycode 56 = b
keycode 57 = n
keycode 58 = m
keycode 59 = ccaron Ccaron comma less
keycode 60 = scaron Scaron period greater
keycode 61 = eogonek Eogonek slash question
keycode 62 = Shift_R
keycode 63 = KP_Multiply
keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 65 = space space
keycode 66 = Caps_Lock
keycode 67 = F1 F11
keycode 68 = F2 F12
keycode 69 = F3 F13
keycode 70 = F4 F14
keycode 71 = F5 F15
keycode 72 = F6 F16
keycode 73 = F7 F17
keycode 74 = F8 F18
keycode 75 = F9 F19
keycode 76 = F10 F20
keycode 77 = Num_Lock
keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 79 = KP_7
keycode 80 = KP_8
keycode 81 = KP_9
keycode 82 = KP_Subtract
keycode 83 = KP_4
keycode 84 = KP_5
keycode 85 = KP_6
keycode 86 = KP_Add
keycode 87 = KP_1
keycode 88 = KP_2
keycode 89 = KP_3
keycode 90 = KP_0
keycode 94 = less greater bar
keycode 95 = F11 F11
keycode 96 = F12 F12
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 113 = Mode_switch
keycode 114 = Break
keycode 110 = Find
keycode 98 = Up
keycode 99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 115 = Select
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
keycode 116 = Mode_switch
keycode 117 = Multi_key
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
keycode 0x09 = Escape
keycode 0x43 = F1
keycode 0x44 = F2
keycode 0x45 = F3
keycode 0x46 = F4
keycode 0x47 = F5
keycode 0x48 = F6
keycode 0x49 = F7
keycode 0x4A = F8
keycode 0x4B = F9
keycode 0x4C = F10
keycode 0x5F = F11
keycode 0x60 = F12
keycode 0x6F = Print
keycode 0x4E = Multi_key
keycode 0x6E = Pause
keycode 0x31 = grave asciitilde
keycode 0x0A = 1 exclam
keycode 0x0B = 2 at
keycode 0x0C = 3 numbersign
keycode 0x0D = 4 dollar
keycode 0x0E = 5 percent
keycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircum
keycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand section
keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk
keycode 0x12 = 9 parenleft
keycode 0x13 = 0 parenright
keycode 0x14 = minus underscore
keycode 0x15 = equal plus
keycode 0x33 = backslash bar
keycode 0x16 = !BackSpace?
keycode 0x6A = Insert
keycode 0x61 = Home
keycode 0x63 = Prior
keycode 0x4D = Num_Lock
keycode 0x70 = KP_Divide
keycode 0x3F = KP_Multiply
keycode 0x52 = KP_Subtract
keycode 0x17 = Tab
keycode 0x18 = Q
keycode 0x19 = W
keycode 0x1A = e E eogonek Eogonek
keycode 0x1B = R
keycode 0x1C = T
keycode 0x1D = Y
keycode 0x1E = U
keycode 0x1F = I
keycode 0x20 = o O oacute Oacute
keycode 0x21 = P
keycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleft
keycode 0x23 = bracketright braceright
keycode 0x24 = Return
keycode 0x6B = Delete
keycode 0x67 = End
keycode 0x69 = Next
keycode 0x4F = KP_7
keycode 0x50 = KP_8
keycode 0x51 = KP_9
keycode 0x56 = KP_Add
keycode 0x42 = Caps_Lock
keycode 0x26 = a A aogonek Aogonek
keycode 0x27 = s S sacute Sacute
keycode 0x28 = D
keycode 0x29 = F
keycode 0x2A = G
keycode 0x2B = H
keycode 0x2C = J
keycode 0x2D = K
keycode 0x2E = l L lstroke Lstroke
keycode 0x2F = semicolon colon
keycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedbl
keycode 0x53 = KP_4
keycode 0x54 = KP_5
keycode 0x55 = KP_6
keycode 0x32 = Shift_L
keycode 0x34 = z Z zabovedot Zabovedot
keycode 0x35 = x X zacute Zacute
keycode 0x36 = c C cacute Cacute
keycode 0x37 = V
keycode 0x38 = B
keycode 0x39 = n N nacute Nacute
keycode 0x3A = M
keycode 0x3B = comma less
keycode 0x3C = period greater Multi_key
keycode 0x3D = slash question
keycode 0x3E = Shift_R
keycode 0x62 = Up
keycode 0x57 = KP_1
keycode 0x58 = KP_2
keycode 0x59 = KP_3
keycode 0x6C = KP_Enter
keycode 0x25 = Control_L
keycode 0x40 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 0x41 = space
keycode 0x71 = Mode_switch
keycode 0x6D = Control_R
keycode 0x64 = Left
keycode 0x68 = Down
keycode 0x66 = Right
keycode 0x5A = KP_0
keycode 0x5B = KP_Decimal
keycode 116 = Mode_switch
keycode 117 = Multi_key
clear Shift
clear Lock
clear Control
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
clear Mod3
clear Mod4
clear Mod5
add Shift = Shift_L Shift_R
add Lock = Caps_Lock
add Control = Control_L Control_R
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
Get the newest Linux distribution. Mandrake 8.1 or !RedHat 7.2 work fantastically with regard to internationalization (which could not be said about the previous distributions). If locales are not installed, you must install them. The GNU C Library comes with a locale database, which you should have on your system. Upgrade your glibc. Troubleshooting of older versions of XFree or KDE is insignificant in my opinion, as the systems get better and better and people install newer versions.
Use the command:
locale -a
to see all the locales.
If you want to list the current keymap table, issue the command: xmodmap -pk | more
The xkeycaps program is a sort of graphical front-end for xmodmap. Start it and see which numbers mean which keycode.
To make the mouse buttons left-handed, use a command: xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"
To remove the !CapsLock? and change it to a control key, write this in your Xmodmap file:
remove Lock = Caps_Lock keysym Caps_Lock = Control_L add Control = Control_L
http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Unicode-HOWTO.html
Unicode HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Cyrillic-HOWTO.html
Cyrillic HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Esperanto-HOWTO.html
Esperanto HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Belgian-HOWTO.html
Belgian HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Chinese-HOWTO.html
Chinese HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Danish-HOWTO.html
Danish HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Finnish-HOWTO.html
Finnish HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/French-HOWTO.html
French HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/German-HOWTO.html
German HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Hebrew-HOWTO.html
Hebrew HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Hellenic-HOWTO.html
Hellenic HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Italian-HOWTO.html
Italian HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Polish-HOWTO.html
Polish HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Portuguese-HOWTO.html
Portugese HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Serbian-HOWTO.html
Serbian HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Slovenian-HOWTO.html
Slovenian HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Spanish-HOWTO.html
Spanish HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Thai-HOWTO.html
Thai HOWTO http://www.linuxfaq.com/HOWTO/Turkish-HOWTO.html
Turskish HOWTO
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/!RedHat/RPMS/XFree86-ISO8859-15-100dpi-fonts-4.1.0-3.i386.rpm
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/!RedHat/RPMS/XFree86-ISO8859-15-75dpi-fonts-4.1.0-3.i386.rpm
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/!RedHat/RPMS/XFree86-ISO8859-2-100dpi-fonts-4.1.0-3.i386.rpm
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/!RedHat/RPMS/XFree86-ISO8859-2-75dpi-fonts-4.1.0-3.i386.rpm
Note: This !RedHat ftp directory contains more fonts, just look into the RPMdirectory above.
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