Differences between version 7 and previous revision of Globs.
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| Newer page: | version 7 | Last edited on Tuesday, May 1, 2007 6:14:03 pm | by BenStaz | Revert |
| Older page: | version 6 | Last edited on Tuesday, May 1, 2007 5:48:28 pm | by BenStaz | Revert |
@@ -1,29 +1,68 @@
-A File [Glob] is a way to match files.
"*" matches any charactor
.
"?" matches any charactor
exactly once.
"[
[a-z]" matches any charactor
in the range a-z.
+A File [Glob] is a way to match files.
+
+*
"*" matches any character
.
+*
"?" matches any character
exactly once.
+*
"~
[a-z~
]" matches any character
in the range a-z.
Some examples:
-
*.*
-
+''~
*.*''
matches all files/dirs
that contain a "." in them.
-
a*
-
+''
a*''
matches all files/dirs
that begin with a
- [
[a-z]*
-
+''~
[a-z~
]*''
matches all files/dirs
that begin with a lowercase letter
-
~*.gz
-
+''
~*.gz''
matches all files/dirs
that end with .gz
+''~[^A-C~]*'' matches all files/dirs that do not begin with A or B or C.
+
+<verbatim>
Note, * and ? __don't__ match / or a . at the beginning of a filename eg: * doesn't match:
- .
- ..
- .foo
- baz/nargle
+
+1)
.foo
+2)
baz/nargle
+
but does match:
- foo.txt
- baz/
+1) foo.txt
+2) baz/
+</verbatim>
+
+!extglob
+
+This is a shell option that can be enabled by doing
+
+*shopt -s extglob
+
+Here are the extra pattern matching operators we can now use thanks to extglob:
+<verbatim>
+ ?(pattern-list)
+ Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
+ *(pattern-list)
+ Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
+ +(pattern-list)
+ Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
+ @(pattern-list)
+ Matches one of the given patterns
+ !(pattern-list)
+ Matches anything except one of the given patterns
+
+pattern-list is just a bunch of globs separated by the | character.
+</verbatim>
+
+
+
+
+!extglob Examples
+
+<verbatim>
+1) cp !(*.[Jj][Pp][Gg]|*.[Bb][Mm][Pp]) /dest/dir will copy every file to ''/dest/dir'' that is not a jpg or bmp file.
+
+2) ls @(*foo*|*bar*|*car*) will list every file/directory that has either foo, bar or car in its name.
+
+3) mv file+([0-9]) /dest/dir/ will move every file/directory that has a prefix of ''file'' followed by at least one number.
+</verbatim>
See glob(7) for more advanced uses.
Contrast RegularExpression.
