Inside the recursive function (named :), a pipeline is created which forks two more instances of the function (each of which will be a whole process) in the background. Then the function exits. However, for every instance of the function which exits in this manner, two more have already been created. The result is a vast number of processes, extremely quickly and will quickly consume a lot of resources!
Note : Think of the last : as the igniter to the fork bomb!
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