Differences between version 12 and revision by previous author of FileSystemHierarchy.
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| Newer page: | version 12 | Last edited on Saturday, October 16, 2004 2:08:36 am | by AristotlePagaltzis | Revert |
| Older page: | version 9 | Last edited on Tuesday, October 12, 2004 2:02:31 am | by StuartYeates | Revert |
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
A Linux machine has typical locations for the storage of most common things a system needs to run. Their contents:
-;
__/__ : the
filesystem root where all of the "directory tree" grows out of
-;
__/boot__ : the
kernel. This is usually a separate [Partition] at the beginning of the hard drive.
-;
__/bin__ : system
executable files for use by all users
-;
__/dev__ : device
nodes, ie files that represent your computer's periphery
-;
__/etc__ : configuration
files for programs
-;
__/home__ : one
subdirectory for each user to store all their personal files in. Your own subdirectory here is called your home and is commonly abbreviated as __
~__
, though this must be explicitly supported by the program in question (all shells
do).
-;
__/lib__ : libraries needed to run the programs in __
/bin__
and __
/sbin__
-;
__/mnt__ : MountPoint for temporary filesystems (eg CDROM, floppy disk)
-;
__/opt__ : admin installed
software (
as opposed to LinuxDistribution installed software)
. Usually StaticallyLinked LinuxStandardsBase compliant programs provided
in binary form
. Some people install [
TarBall]
s in here too, especially beta software.
-;
__/proc__ : a
virtual FileSystem containing pseudo files with information about the hardware and kernel
configuration and the running processes
-;
__/root__ : home
directory of the __
root__
SuperUser
-;
__/sbin__ : executable
files only of interest to the __
root__
SuperUser
-;
__/usr__ : files
that can be shared across a whole site among multiple users
-;
__/usr/local__ : anything
shared across the system but not supplied by the system vendor traditionally goes here - most commonly, packages compiled from [
TarBall]
s
-;
__/var__ : variable
data files, such as logs, mail and printer spools
-;
__/tmp__ : temporary
files - that is ''literally'' temporary files. On some systems this directory is frequently purged, and on machines with modern Linux kernels it may be mounted as [Tmpfs] FileSystem that exists only in memory. When virtual memory was
not as good as it is
today, many userland programs had to explicitly balance memory and disk consumption in /tmp/, and some still do (such as find(1)).
+__<tt>
/</tt>
__:
+ The
filesystem root where all of the "directory tree" grows out of
+__<tt>
/boot</tt>
__:
+ The
kernel. This is usually a separate [Partition] at the beginning of the hard drive.
+__<tt>
/bin</tt>
__:
+ System
executable files for use by all users
+__<tt>
/dev</tt>
__:
+ Device
nodes, ie files that represent your computer's periphery
+__<tt>
/etc</tt>
__:
+ Configuration
files for programs
+__<tt>
/home</tt>
__:
+ One
subdirectory for each user to store all their personal files in. Your own subdirectory here is called your home and is commonly abbreviated as <tt>
~~</tt>
, though this must be explicitly supported by the program in question (all [Shell]s
do).
+__<tt>
/lib</tt>
__:
+
libraries needed to run the programs in <tt>
/bin</tt>
and <tt>
/sbin</tt>
+__<tt>
/mnt</tt>
__:
+
MountPoint for temporary filesystems (eg CDROM, floppy disk)
+__<tt>
/opt</tt>
__:
+ Intended for additional, self-contained
software packages in subdirectories, such
as TarBall~s which contain binaries rather than source
. [KDE] is often found
in <tt>/opt/kde</tt>, even though it doesn't fit the "self-contained" criterion
. Some people install source
TarBall~
s in here too, especially beta software.
+__<tt>
/proc</tt>
__:
+ A
virtual FileSystem containing pseudo files with information about the hardware and [Kernel]
configuration and the running processes
+__<tt>
/root</tt>
__:
+ Home
directory of the <tt>
root</tt>
SuperUser
+__<tt>
/sbin</tt>
__:
+ Executable
files only of interest to the <tt>
root</tt>
SuperUser
+__<tt>
/usr</tt>
__:
+ Files
that can be shared across a whole site among multiple users
+__<tt>
/usr/local</tt>
__:
+ Anything
shared across the system but not supplied by the system vendor traditionally goes here -
- most commonly, packages compiled from TarBall~
s
+__<tt>
/var</tt>
__:
+ Variable
data files, such as logs, mail and printer spools
+__<tt>
/tmp</tt>
__:
+ Temporary
files -
- that is ''literally'' temporary files. On some systems this directory is frequently purged, and on machines with modern [
Linux]
kernels it may be mounted as [Tmpfs] FileSystem that exists only in memory. When VirtualMemory subsystems were
not as good as they are
today, many userland programs had to explicitly balance memory and disk consumption in <tt>
/tmp/</tt>
, and some still do (such as find(1)).
-More information can be found at the [filesystem hierarchy standard|http://www.pathname.com/fhs/2.2/], and in hier(7)
+More information can be found at the [filesystem hierarchy standard | http://www.pathname.com/fhs/2.2/], and in hier(7).
----
-
CategoryBeginners
