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In the software context; processes spawned by other processes.
If a parent process goes away, various things happen such as
- Children get sent a SIGHUP, it's not that if the parent process goes away, it's if the terminal goes away, normally closing the session leader closes the terminal too. :)
- Children that ignore SIGHUP get reparented to init
If a child process goes away, the parent gets a SIGCHLD